长白山阔叶红松林径级结构动态模拟和优化经营

Dynamic diameter distribution simulation and optimal management of broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain

以原始阔叶红松林为研究对象,采用密度依赖矩阵模型,模拟了自然生长预案下林分径级结构的动态变化,分析了一种择伐预案对林分径级结构的影响,计算了7种不同择伐强度下森林的恢复期。结果表明:原始阔叶红松林比较稳定,但也有比较缓慢的自然生长,林分株数密度呈下降趋势,符合森林的自然稀疏规律,随着时间的推移,各径阶株数的变化速度逐渐减弱,趋于稳定,验证了演替顶极理论。以生长量、收获量、保留林分结构和采伐费用为森林经营效果的评价指标,则20%的采伐强度、35年采伐周期和25%的采伐强度、45年的采伐周期的2种方案较优。

Taking the original broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain of Northeast China as test object,and by using density-dependent matrix model,this paper simulated the temporal dynamics of diameter distribution of the stand under natural growth scenario,analyzed the effects of a selection harvest scenario on the diameter distribution,and calculated the recover periods of seven harvest scenarios. The forest was relatively stable,but still had a slow natural growth. The stand density declined,which accorded with the self-thinning law of forest. The change rate of the tree number of each diameter class weakened gradually over time,and the stand density became relatively fixed,which validated the theory of succession climax. Based on the indices for assessing the effect of forest management,including harvest level,structure of preserved stands,and harvest cost,it was considered that,20% harvest intensity with an interval of 35 years and 25% harvest intensity with an interval of 45 years would be the two of the most optimal harvest scenarios.