乔砧富士苹果不同冠形相对光照强度的差异及对果实品质的影响

Influences of different canopy structures on their relative light intensity and fruit quality of Naganofuji No.2 apple

以长富2号苹果三主枝、四主枝、五主枝开心形和自由纺锤形树形盛果期树为试材,采用树冠分格方法测定了树冠上、中、下层叶幕与果际相对光照强度,分析了不同树形光照强度差异与果实品质的关系。结果表明,三主枝开心形果际光照强度最高,四主枝、五主枝开心形次之,自由纺锤形最低,其日均值分别为34.13%、32.78%、31.82%和23.56%。从叶幕光环境来看,一天中相对光照大于30%高光照区域,三主枝开心形最高,占82.76%,四主枝、五主枝开心形分别为66.66%和60.43%,自由纺锤形最低,占54.32%。三主枝开心形的单果质量、花青苷含量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量最高,显著高于其他冠形结构处理,而其叶绿素含量、可滴定酸含量低。因此,从盛果期乔化苹果树果园光环境及果实品质综合考虑,三主枝开心形优于其他树形。

The method of division in canopy was used for studying the distribution of relative light intensity in upper,middle and lower tiers of tree canopy of four different canopy structure treatments and the effect on the fruit quality of Naganofuji No.2 apple cultivar.The results showed that the distribution of relative light intensity around fruits and canopy varied during a day in different canopy structure.The mean value of relative light intensity during a day was 34.13%,32.78%,31.82% and 23.56%,respectively,corresponding the treatments of the three-bough,the four-bough,and the five-bough open-centre,and the free spindle.The relative light intensity in canopy was higher in the treatment of three-bough open-centre,and lower in the free spindle.The fruit weight,anthocyanin content,fresh firmness and the soluble solid content of the three-bough open-centre treatment was significantly higher than that of other canopy structure treatments,but the titratable acidity content and chlorophyll content was significantly lower than that of other treatments.