摘要
通过对北京苹果、梨、桃和葡萄48个果园0~40 cm土层土壤养分、pH和微生物种群数量的调查,应用典型相关、多元统计分析与线性规划等方法分析土壤养分、pH对土壤微生物种群数量影响的主要因子、相关性和优化方案。结果表明,土壤有机质、全氮、有效钾、有效铁和阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity,CEC)以及土壤中的细菌、真菌数量以苹果园最高,葡萄和桃园次之,梨园最低。土壤细菌数量与土壤有机质、有效磷和有效硼含量呈显著正相关,与土壤全氮含量呈显著负相关;真菌数量与土壤全氮、有效钾和CEC呈显著正相关;放线菌数量与土壤有机质、有效锌和有效硼含量呈显著正相关,与有效磷含量呈显著负相关;土壤pH与细菌和真菌数量均呈显著负相关。线性规划求出了8—10月土壤微生物种群数量最大的土壤养分和pH因子优化方案为:土壤有机质为55.0 g.kg-1、全氮为1.50~3.00 g.kg-1、有效磷为20~200 mg.kg-1、有效钾为120~600 mg.kg-1、有效锌为0.5~20.0 mg.kg-1、有效硼为10 mg.kg-1、CEC为300 mmol.kg-1、pH值为6.5。北京地区果园通过提高土壤有机质含量和CEC、降低果园土壤pH值来调节锌、硼等微量元素含量是土壤管理中的关键技术措施。
The soil nutrient contents,pH and microorganism population in 0 to 40 cm soil depth were surveyed at total 48 orchards(apple,pear,peach and grape) in Beijing suburb.Multiple statistical analysis and linear program were used to study the major element,correlation and optimum values affecting soil nutrient contents and pH on population quantity of microorganism.The results showed that among soil organic matter(SOM),total N,available K,available Fe and soil bacterium,fungus,apple orchard occupies first place,grape and peach come second and pear is the lowest.The bacterium quantities had positive correlation markedly with SOM,available P and available B,and negative correlation significantly with total N content.The fungus quantities had positive correlation markedly with total N,available K and Cation exchange capacity(CEC).The actinomycetes quantities had positive correlation significantly with SOM,available Zn,B,while negative correlation with available P.The soil pH had negative correlation markedly with bacterium and fungus.Optimum values in soil nutrient contents,pH and population quantities of microorganism from August to October were obtained by linear program that results were 55.0 g·kg-1 in soil organic matter(SOM),1.50 g·kg-1 to 3.00 g·kg-1 in total N,20 to 200 mg·kg-1 in available P,120 to 600 mg·kg-1 in available K,and 0.5 to 20.0 mg·kg-1,10 mg·kg-1 in available Zn and available B respectively,value was 300 mmol·kg-1 for CEC,and pH 6.5.The key technical strategies for soil management of orchard in Beijing Suburb were accommodating the soil available B and Zn contents by improving SOM and CEC while reducing soil pH.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期15-19,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家科技支撑课题(2008BAD92B08-4)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-024)
关键词
果园土壤养分
土壤PH
微生物数量
多元统计分析
线性规划
Orchard soil nutrient
Soil pH
Microbial quantities
Multiple statistical analysis
Linear program