设施葡萄常用品种的需冷量、需热量及2者关系研究

Chilling and heat requirements and relationship between them for major grape cultivars under protected culture

用3种不同的需冷量估算模型(≤7.2℃模型、0～7.2℃模型和犹他模型)和2种不同的需热量估算模型(生长度小时模型和有效积温模型)分别对22种设施葡萄常用品种的需冷量和需热量进行测定,同时分析2者的相互关系。结果表明,葡萄解除休眠的需冷量和萌芽展叶的需热量因品种和种不同而异。需冷量值品种间差异较大,介于573～1 246 h(≤7.2℃模型)或573～971 h(0～7.2℃模型)或917～1 090 C.U(犹他模型),且欧美杂种品种需冷量值普遍高于欧亚种品种;而需热量值品种间差异较小,介于9 976～12 541 GDH℃(生长度小时模型)或253～353 D℃(有效积温模型),且欧美杂种品种略低于欧亚种品种。同时研究表明葡萄的需冷量和需热量与其果实成熟期没有必然联系。无论以何种估算模型估算葡萄的需冷量和需热量,我国设施葡萄常用品种的需冷量和需热量之间均呈负相关关系。

Chilling and heat requirements were studied in 22 grape cultivars under protected culture.Three different models（≤7.2 ℃ Model,0～7.2 ℃ Model and Utah Model） for estimating chilling requirements and two different models（Growing Degree Hours Model and Effective Temperature Model） for estimating heat requirements were evaluated,and correlations between chilling requirements and heat requirements were established.Different chilling requirement and slight differences in heat requirements were observed in the studied cultivars.The cultivars examined showed a range of chilling requirements,between 573 h and 1 246 h（≤7.2 ℃ Model）or between 573 h and 971 h（0～7.2 ℃ Model）or between 917 C·U and 1 090 C·U（Utah Model）.The heat requirements ranged between 9 976 and 12 541 growing degree hours（GDH）,or between 253 ℃ and 353 ℃（Effective Temperature Model）.The results indicate no correlation between chilling or heat requirement and ripening date,as well as a negative correlation between chilling requirements and heat requirements.