不同铁制剂对石灰性土壤条件下猕猴桃缺铁黄化的矫治效果

Effects of different iron preparations on iron chlorosis of kiwifruit trees in lime soil conditions

为明确陕西杨凌渭河滩地猕猴桃出现黄化现象的原因,通过对喷施铁制剂矫正效果的比较,筛选出理想的铁制剂用于果树缺铁黄化病防治。以陕西杨凌西桥村出现缺铁黄化的猕猴桃园为研究对象,采用土壤诊断和叶片诊断等方法确定黄化的原因,并以清水为对照,喷施不同铁制剂(硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁、复合氨基酸铁、乳酸亚铁和腐殖酸铁)进行矫治,检测其对猕猴桃叶片叶绿素和有效铁含量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,猕猴桃黄化原因不仅仅是由于土壤有效铁含量低,还与植株吸收能力不同有关。由于植株过多吸收P、K、Zn、Mn等元素,引起养分不平衡而导致对铁吸收产生拮抗作用也是产生缺铁黄化的原因之一。不同铁制剂对猕猴桃黄化的矫治效果有差异,其中以柠檬酸铁和复合氨基酸铁的处理效果最好,显著提高了猕猴桃叶片的叶绿素和有效铁含量以及果实中维生素C、可溶性固形物、全铁的含量,有效改善了果实品质。在供试的几种铁制剂中,柠檬酸铁和复合氨基酸铁是矫治果树缺铁黄化的最理想制剂。

This study was conducted to find the reasons for the kiwifruit chlorosis in Yangling Wei River flood land and to select better iron preparations for remedying it.Soil and plant diagnosis and spraying diagnosis were used onto the kiwifruit vines in some orchards within Yangling area.The remedy effects of different iron preparations were compared by determining the content of Chlorophyll and available iron of kiwifruit leaves and fruit quality.The results showed that the reason for kiwifruit chlorosis was not only low iron content in soil,but also owing to differences of absorption capacity of plants,which made plants absorb too much P,K,Zn,Mn and other elements into the plants,causing nutrient imbalances that resulted in the antagonism on the absorption of iron.The effects of the various iron preparations were significantly different.The citrate-Fe and the compound amino acid-Fe treatment were much better than others.These iron preparations significantly increased the content of Chlorophyll and available irons in the kiwifruit leaves and the content of Vc,soluble solids and irons,which effectively improved the quality of fruits.Among these iron preparations used in this study,the citrate-Fe and the compound amino acid-Fe are better iron preparations for correcting kiwifruit chlorosis.