不同除草剂对清家脐橙夏梢的毒害作用

Toxic effects of herbicides on young summer shoots of Seike navel orange (Citrus sinensis)

为了解除草剂对柑橘的毒害作用,筛选对柑橘安全的除草剂,选用乙羧氟草醚等7种化学除草剂,采用生产上施用的常规浓度,对清家脐橙的嫩夏梢进行树冠喷布。结果表明,0.008 3%(按有效成分计,下同)乙羧氟草醚和0.075%苄嘧磺隆对嫩夏梢的毒害死亡率均为100%;0.025%啶嘧磺隆和0.020 8%氟磺胺草醚对4 cm以下嫩夏梢毒害死亡率分别为100%和81.54%,但对4 cm以上嫩夏梢毒害死亡率分别为56.68%和5.48%;0.17%草甘膦和0.16%莠去津对嫩夏梢毒害死亡率分别在24%和15%以下;0.009%精喹禾灵对嫩夏梢没有毒害作用。0.075%苄嘧磺隆会导致果实和成熟枝叶伤害,引起异常落叶落果,其余5种除草剂对果实和成熟枝叶安全。

In order to select safe herbicides for citrus orchard weed control,seven kinds of herbicides with normal concentrations were sprayed on the summer shoots of Seike navel orange（Citrus sinensis Osbeck） trees.The results showed that the toxic effects on young shoots were different for the 7 herbicides.Both 0.0083%（of effective ingredient,the same below） fluoroglycofen-ethyl and 0.075% bensulfuron methyl resulted in 100% death rates of young shoots.0.025% flazasulfuron and 0.020 8% fomesafen resulted in 100% and 81.54% death rates of short young shoots（length≤4 cm）,respectively,but 56.68% and 5.48% death rates of longer young shoots（length≥4 cm）,respectively.Below 24% and 15% death rates were observed when young shoots were separately treated with 0.17% glyphosate and 0.16% atrazine.0.009% quizalofop-p-ethyl showed no toxicity for young shoots.0.075% bensulfuron methyl damaged fruits and mature shoots seriously and caused their unusual drops.The herbicides had no damage to both fruits and mature shoots except bensulfuron methyl.As to some herbicides had strong toxic effects,the possibity of controlling citrus summer shoots by spraying those herbicides was also discussed.