海南省农村生活饮用水卫生现状调查

Current sanitary situation of rural drinking water in Hainan province

目的了解海南省农村生活饮用水的卫生现状。方法在海南省18个市县随机抽取10个监测县,在每个监测县选择10户居民家庭作为监测点,采用统一的调查表对监测点的水源类型、供水方式、覆盖人口等进行调查;于2009年丰(7-9月)、枯水期(1-3月)进行水样的采集、检验和评价。结果海南省农村生活饮用水水源主要以地下水为主,供水方式以集中式供水为主;共采集水样246件,合格44件,合格率仅为17.9%,各指标合格率由低至高依次为总大肠菌群(35.4%)<菌落总数(80.1%)<pH值(82.9%)<铁(94.3%)<锰(94.7%)<浑浊度(90.7%)<色度(95.5%)<硝酸盐(95.9%)<氯化物(97.6%)<氨氮(98.4%)、氟化物(98.4%)<总硬度(99.6%);以地面水为水源水水样的合格率为22.6%,略高于以地下水为水源水的水样的16.6%;集中式供水水样的合格率为22.5%,高于分散式供水水样的4.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);丰水期水样的合格率为19.2%,略高于枯水期合格率为16.5%。结论微生物污染是海南省农村生活饮用水水质合格率偏低的主要原因。

Objective To know drinking water quality and safety in rural areas of Hainan province.Methods Ten counties of total 18 countries in the rural areas of Hainan province were selected.And then 10 villages were selected as the monitoring site in each county.The sampling time was arranged in the rainy（July to September） and dry season（January to March） in 2009.Results The coverage rate of rural centralized water supply was 74.0%（182/246）.The qualification rate of water quality in 2009 was 17.9%（44/246）.The qualification rate of surface water was 22.6%（12/53）,higher than that of underground water（16.6%,32/193）.The rank of qualification rate of all the monitoring indexes of the water quality was total coliform group（35.4%）,total number of bacterial（80.1%）,pH（82.9%）,Fe（94.3%）,Mn（94.7%）,turbidity（90.7%）,colority（95.5%）,nitrate（95.9%）,chloride（97.6%）,NH-3N（98.4%）,fluorin（98.4%）,and hardness（99.6%）.The qualification rate of centralized water supply was 22.5%（41/182）,higher than that of rural dispersive water supply（4.7%） with a significant difference（P0.01）.The qualification rate of the water sample in rainy period was 19.2%（24/125）,higher than that in the low water time.Conclusion Microbiological pollution is the main influencing factor for drinking water quality in Hainan province.