饮食因素对绝经期妇女骨质疏松影响

Effects of dietary factors on menopausal osteoporosis

目的了解饮食因素对绝经期妇女骨质疏松的影响,为指导绝经期妇女通过合理饮食预防骨质疏松的发生提供参考依据。方法采用两阶段抽样方法对在黑龙江省哈尔滨市电力小区随机抽取的281名绝经期妇女进行问卷调查和骨密度测量。结果调查的281名绝经期妇女中,检出骨质疏松患者115例,骨质疏松检出率为40.9%;其中50岁～、56岁～和61～65岁分别检出骨质疏松患者40,47和28例,骨质疏松检出率分别为31.5%,43.1%和62.2%;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,食用粗粮≥100 g/d和饮用可乐是绝经期妇女骨质疏松的危险因素;食用五花肉、食用瓜类蔬菜≥75 g/d和食用芥兰类蔬菜≥10 g/d是绝经期妇女骨质疏松的保护因素。结论多吃瓜类和芥兰类蔬菜、不饮用可乐、适量摄入粗粮和五花肉可以预防绝经期妇女骨质疏松的发生。

Objective To study the effects of dietary factors on menopausal osteoporosis and to provide suggestions for menopausal women.Methods A total of 281 menopausal women aged 50-65 years were randomly selected from Harbin city.Questionnaire survey was used to collect data and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry（DEXA） was used to measure bone mineral density（BMD） of the spine,left hip,and body.The data was validated with Epidata 3.1 and analyzed using SAS9.1.Univariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the associations between 79 kinds of food and menopausal osteoporosis.After adjusting for age and weight,stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to test the impact of diet on menopausal osteoporosis.Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that eating coarse food grain（100g/d）（odds ratio =2.141） and vermicelli（50 g/d）（OR=1.649） were risk factors for menopausal osteoporosis,whereas eating bacon belly（OR=0.543）,chicken claw（OR=0.605）,banana（25 g/d）（OR=0.588） and melon vegetable（75 g/d）（OR=0.585） were protective factors for menopausal osteoporosis.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that eating coarse food grain（100 g/d） and drinking coke were risk factors for menopausal osteoporosis,whereas eating bacon belly,melon vegetable（75 g/d） and kale vegetable（10 g/d） were protective factors for menopausal osteoporosis.Conclusion In order to prevent menopausal osteoporosis,we suggest menopausal women eating more melon vegetable and kale vegetable,appropriate amount of coarse food grain and bacon belly and not drinking coke.