国有企业是低效率的吗

Do the state-owned enterprises have low efficiency?

近年来我国国有企业的效益明显改善。一些学者认为,国有企业效益的改善主要源于国有企业的垄断地位而不是效率的提高。本文分别考察了竞争性和垄断性行业国有工业企业的效率表现,得出如下结论:在竞争性行业中,国有工业企业与非国有工业企业在财务效率和技术效率上均不存在显著差异;在垄断行业中,国有工业企业具有较高的技术效率,并不断保持着较快的技术进步速率。因此,所有制对于企业微观效率的影响并不显著,近年来我国国有企业经营绩效的改善是以国有企业微观效率的提高为坚实基础的,认为国有企业效率低,利润主要来源于垄断的看法是不符合实际的。

In recent years, China＇s state -owned enterprises have obvious improvement in performance. Some scholars hold that such improvement is mainly due to the monopoly status of state - owned enterprises, rather than the improvement of efficiency. We examine the efficiency performance of competitive and monopolistic state - owned industrial enterprises respectively, and draw conclusions as follow： in the competitive industries, the state - owned industrial enterprises and the non - state - owned industrial enterprises have no obvious difference in financial efficiency and technical efficiency; while in the monopolistic industries, the state - owned industrial enterprises have higher technical efficiency and continuously maintain a rapid rate of technological progress as well. As a result, ownership has no significant impact on the micro efficiency of enterprises. In recent years, the improvement of the performance of China＇ s state - owned enterprises is firmly based on the improvement of their micro efficiency. The ideas that the state - owned enterprises have low efficiency and that their profits are mainly from monopoly are impractical.