冬施矿物油对红阳猕猴桃桑白蚧防效及药害

Control Effect and Phytotoxicity Investigations of Mineral Oil to Hongyang Kiwifruit in Winter for the White Peach Scale

[目的]冬施矿物油是防治蚧壳虫的一项基本措施,前期研究表明冬施矿物油有时会对猕猴桃（海沃特）产生药害。研究比较冬施矿物油与杀扑磷对桑白蚧的防治效果,调查矿物油对猕猴桃（红阳）的药害情况。[结果]冬季单独喷施1%、2%、4%矿物油,杀扑磷500 mg a.i./L,防效在32.05%~67.03%之间;2%矿物油与杀扑磷500、267 mg a.i./L混用两者无显著差异,防效达77.79%~84.04%、75.45%~87.42%。矿物油各处理萌芽均正常。2010年5号园2%、4%矿物油处理在萌芽后发生药害,造成11.70%、16.32%的死芽率。各处理坐果率都在94%以上,叶子、花、果实发育正常。收获时单株产量未受影响,果实的硬度、干物质和可溶性固形物含量无显著差异。[结论]冬季喷施2%矿物油与杀扑磷267 mg a.i./L混配液有高的防效,且不会对红阳猕猴桃产生药害。

[Aims]Use of mineral oil for comtrolling armored scale in winter is a fundamental practice in kiwifruits.Previous studies have demonstrated that mineral oils applied in winterl sometimes caused phytotoxic damage to kiwifruit（Hayward）.Here,control effects of mineral oils,compared to methidathion applied in winter,were examined and mineral oils phytotoxicity to kiwifruit（Hongyang） were investigated.[Results] Sprays of 1%,2%,4% mineral oil and methidathion EC 500 mg a.i./L alone in winter gave 32.05-67.03% control.There was no significant difference between 2% mineral oil with methidathion EC 500 and 267 mg a.i./L,which gave 77.79-84.04%,75.45-87.42% control,respectively.No effect on the timing of budbreak was noticed.The 2,4% mineral oil treatment applied in No.5 orchard in 2010 showed obvious phytotoxic damage after budbreak.Dead bud rate was 11.7,16.32%,caused by 2 and 4% mineral oil,respectively.The fruit set rate was 94% above.The development of leaves,flowers and fruits was normal.Average fruit yield（kg/vine） was not affected at harvest.The different quality parameters of kiwifruits such as firmness,dry matter content and soluble solids contents,did not show significant differences among treatments.[Conclusions] Sprays of 2% mineral oil in combination with methidathion EC 267 mg a.i./L in winter achieved higher control levels and didn＇t cause phytotoxicity to Hongyang kiwifruit.