两轮“民工荒”的比较分析与启示

The Comparative Analysis and the Enlightenment of the Two Rounds Peasant Worker Shortage

本文根据相关数据和报道,基于发生的背景,从缺工的地区、行业、企业、工种等角度对比分析两轮"民工荒"的差异。通过比较发现,经济发展和企业订单增加是导致两轮"民工荒"发生的相同的直接原因;而低工资、低成本、外向型的经济增长模式是导致两轮"民工荒"发生的相同的深层次原因;户籍制度、各种保障制度的严重缺陷是两轮"民工荒"的重要原因。两轮"民工荒"折射出农民工主体及价值观念变化很大,惠农政策效果更加显现,区域格局发生更大变化,劳动力分流更加明显;但也揭示了企业的用工模式、管理体制没有改进;说明了劳动力市场不完善,发展步伐缓慢。两轮"民工荒"启示我们必须加大人力资本投入,将我国的人口红利从数量向质量转变,必须加快经济增长方式的转型,实现经济的可持续发展。

According to the data and reports,this paper comparatively analyzed differences of the two rounds of peasant worker shortage from aspects of backgrounds,areas,industries,enterprises,occupations,of the peasant worker shortage.It can be seen that the direct reasons of the two rounds of the shortage were development of economic and the growth of business orders,and the deep reasons were the low-wage,low-cost and export-oriented model of economic growth;and that the important reasons was the serious limitation of household registration system and security systems.Two rounds of peasant worker shortage reflected that the main values of peasant workers varied greatly;and that preferential agricultural policy was more apparent;and that regional pattern changed greatly and labor diversion was more apparent.However,it also revealed that the companies’ employment patterns and management systems had not improved;and that labor market was not perfect and developed slowly.The two rounds of peasant worker shortage said that we must increase human capital investment to change the country's demographic dividend from quantity to quality;and that we must accelerate the transformation of economic growth pattern to achieve sustainable economic development.