出口贸易与自主创新——基于我国制造业企业的实证研究

Export and Independent Innovation: Empirical Study Based on China’s Manufacturing Enterprises

本文从出口贸易与自主创新的视角,对出口是否促进了我国本土制造业企业的自主创新进行了系统考察,并提出了理论假设。借助于1999-2003年和2005-2007年间我国制造业企业的微观数据,采用Tobit模型,就我国制造业企业的出口行为是否具有"出口中学习"、是否具有促进企业自主创新的作用效应进行了实证检验,为转型时期出口导向发展战略能否促进我国经济可持续增长提供了一个可供识别的微观基础。研究发现在样本观察期内,企业的出口行为会对其自主创新活动产生复杂的影响。其中,企业规模是影响效果的关键因素,规模越大的企业出口的促进作用越明显,越小的企业出口反而具有抑制作用。同时,2005年以来的出口贸易政策的调整对自主创新具有积极的推动作用。更进一步,按产业特性对比研究两个样本期内企业出口行为,发现不同产品特性的产业出口与自主创新关系存在显著差异,这就为从更深入角度全面考察企业出口与自主创新之间可能具有的复杂相互关系。

Working from a perspective of export and independent innovation, this paper systematically reviews whether export has improved the independent innovation in China＇ s manufacturing enterprises, and makes out theoretical hypothesis. Based on the manufacturing micro data from 1999 to 2003 and 2005 to 2007, it empirically analyzes some effects of domestic enterprises＇ export behaviors with the Tobit model, and the effects focuses on whether the export behaviors possess ＂learning through export＂ and improve the independent innovation. This paper provides a discernible micro basis for estimating whether the export-oriented strategy during the restructuring period can promote our economy＇ s sustainable growth. The paper finds that during the observation period, the export behaviors of enterprises had complicated effects on their independent innovation activities. And the size of enterprise is the key factor, for the bigger enterprises the export has the positive effect which is more obvious; while for the smaller ones, export would have inhibiting effects. Meanwhile, it finds that the adjustments of export trade since 2005 have positive effect on independent innovation. Further, the paper compares the behaviors in the two sample periods according to the industrial characteristics; the results show that with different industrial characteristics, the relationship between the export and innovation would be various. This will provide evidence of large nations like China for studying complicated ties between export and innovation completely and deeply.