开放条件下的外商直接投资与中国技术创新

Foreign Direct Investment and China’s Technological Innovation in Open Economy

本文利用30个省市1999-2008年间的面板数据,研究了外商直接投资(FDI)对我国技术创新能力的影响,研究发现:就全国层面而言,单独的FDI并未对我国专利申请量产生促进作用;进一步的分区域的检验表明,FDI对专利申请量的影响存在着明显的区域性差异,即FDI对东部地区技术创新无显著影响,却能显著促进中部地区技术创新,对西部地区则存在显著负向影响;本文还发现非国有化程度、城市化程度和对外开放度等制度因素对我国的技术创新能力有直接促进作用,同时制度因素通过增强FDI的吸收能力间接提高了我国的技术创新能力。我们的研究警示,引资政策应充分考虑中国区域的异质性,不可盲目引资。同时强调制度因素对技术创新的促进作用。

This paper quantitatively analyzes the effect of foreign direct investment on China＇ s technological innovation by using panel data which ineludes 30 provinces and cities from 1999 to 2008. The study indicates that, on the national level, FDI has not significant positive effect on patent applications in China. Further sub-regional results show that the effects of FDI have obvious regional differences. FDI has no significant effect to the eastern technological innovation and has negative effect to the western region, but it can significantly promote the technological innovation of the central region. The paper also finds that institutional factors, such as non-nationalization, urbanization and the opening level, not only have a direct positive role on technological innovation in China, but also indirectly enhance China＇ s technological innovation by improving the absorption ability of FDI. The research alerts that the FDI introducing policies should take full account of the regional differences, and stresses the promotion role of institutional factors to technological innovation.