对家鸡血清酯酶发育调控的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Developmental Regulation of Serum Esterase Synthesis in Domestic Fowls

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法跟踪测定了 １０ 羽优黄 ３８０ 商品蛋鸡血清酯酶的遗传表现型，结果表明：血清酯酶（ Ｅｓ１）的遗传表达具有明显的发育阶段差异性，开产前均为有带类型，并表现出遗传多态现象，开产后 Ｅｓ１ 酶带消失，表现为无活性 Ｏ 型⒚对 Ｉ Ｓ Ａ Ｂ３８０ 父母代 Ｃ Ｄ 母鸡的扩大抽样测定结果验证了上述的结论⒚由此我们推测，母鸡产蛋期 Ｅｓ１ 区无活性“ Ｏ 型”可能是基因表达在不同发育阶段调控（抑制）的结果，因此不存在“ Ｅｓ１基因座位上决定 Ｏ 型的等位基因 Ｅｓ１ｏ ⒚ Ｅｓ１ 基因在开产前处于转录活跃状态，开产后基因转录就被抑制，以维持产蛋期母鸡体内所需较高的血脂水平⒚母鸡血清酯酶表达发育遗传学规律可能广泛存在于家禽各种群体之中⒚如果该推测成立的话。

Polymorphism of serum esterase was examined by tracing the developmental expression in 10 SY 380 layers using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated the existence of obvious difference in synthesis of serum esteras 1, which was polymorphically expressed before lay, but universally depressed after onset of lay. An extensive experiment carried out in 2 ISA B380 parent CD stocks supported the previous finding. It could accordingly be inferred that phenotype “O” (no band at Es 1) discoveredin hens did not reflect the genetic controlled of serum esterase by a so called recessive allele Es 1 o, which itself did not exist, but might be an evidence of gene regulation at laying period. For female birds, expression of Es 1 alleles was depressed after onset of lay to meet hens' physiological need of high blood esterase for laying. It could also be inferred that developmental difference in synthesis of serum esterase might be a common phenomenon in all avian species. If this hypothesis were true, the synthesis of esterase inside avian bodies could be a desirable model for investigating expression, regulation of expression and genes in avian populations.