复合荔枝园寄生性天敌群落的研究

STUDIES ON PARASITOID COMMUNITY IN COMPLEX LITCHI ORCHARD

本文对两种生境中的寄生性天敌群落进行了比较研究。结果表明,姬小蜂(Eury-tom idae)和跳小蜂(Encyrtidae)在两种生境中都占据重要地位。其中姬小蜂在单一园占所有寄生性天敌的35.7% ,在复合园为28.7% ;而跳小蜂在单一园占21% ,在复合园为18.7% 。蚜茧蜂、缨小蜂、金小蜂、肿腿小蜂等存在于复合园,却并未在单一园调查中出现。相比之下,复合园中寄生性天敌种类较丰富,数量较多,而且优势集中度在一年中一直较低。复合园的寄生性天敌的多样性值波动于1.5 和3.3 之间,且在全年都远远高于单一园。两种类型荔枝园均匀性值都波动于0.7 和1 之间,但复合园的寄生性天敌群落的均匀性程度在全年的绝大部分时间都高于单一园。

A comparative study on the parasitoid community between simple and complex litchi orchards were conducted in the suburbs of Guangzhou. The results showed that the common parasitoids were eurytomids (28 7% of the total parasitoid caught in complex orchard, and 35 7% in simple orchard), followed by encyrtids(18 7% in complex orchard, and 21% in simple orchard). The abundance and richness of parasitoids were much higher in complex orchard than that of in simple orchard, The dominant concentration values were lower in complex orchard than that of in simple orchard the year. Both degrees of diversity and that of evenness were higher in complex orchard than that in simple one. The results may imply a practical way of conservation, restoration and utilization of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystem.