紫貂冬季生境的偏好

HABITAT PREFERENCE OF SABLES IN WINTER

采用无线电跟踪技术和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ） 对大兴安岭阿巴河流域紫貂（ Ｍａｒｔｅｓｚｉｂｅｌｌｉｎａ） 冬季的生境选择进行了研究。结果表明，紫貂偏好成熟林地和老龄林地。①紫貂冬季栖息地主要的优势树种是落叶松林（５５－３％ ），对中等盖度的林地选择性强（７１－６％ ），而避免开阔地带和特别高盖度地区。②主要栖息中、下坡位（８３－６ ％） ，而对上坡位选择性不强（１６－２ ％） 。③对小树密度（Ｐ＝ ０－０００３）、大树密度（Ｐ＝ ０－０００１）、乔木胸径（ｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆｂｒｅａｓｔ ｈｅｉｇｈｔ，ＤＢＨ）（ Ｐ＝ ０－０００１４） 、倒木长度（ Ｐ＝ ０－０００７）、倒木密度（ Ｐ＝ ０－０００１）、倒木直径（ Ｐ＝０－０００４）等有正选择性。其中对小树密度（ＳＤ＝１－５） 和倒木密度（ ＳＤ＝ ２）选择性最强。④对桦树胸径（ＤＢＨ） 、落叶松胸径（ＤＢＨ）、优势灌木、坡向和灌丛盖度无选择性。⑤紫貂一般选择食物丰富度高的区域。根据上述结果，建议林业部门在采伐过程中，适当保留演替晚期林地和大径树木（＞ ４０ｃｍ） ，以保证紫貂对生境的需求。

The habitat preference of sables ( Martes zibellina ) in winter was studied by radio tracking and GPS (Global Positing System) in Daxinganling Mountains,China.The results showed that:①Sables preferred forest attributes associated with late succession.In winter,sables selected the dominant trees were Larix gmelini (55 3%) and selected forest with intermediate to dense tree canopy (71 6%).②Sables preferred for the middle of slope and slope bottoms (83 6%) and did not like ridgetops.③Sables preferred high density of trees ( P =0 0001) with bigger DBH ( P =0 0014),longer logs ( P =0 0007) and higher log density ( P =0 0001) etc.④Sables did not like larch's DBH,shrub canopy and slop aspect etc.⑤Sables generally selected sites with high food abundance.According to the results,the forest with attributes associated with late succession stages and the trees with large DBH (>40?cm) should be preserved properly during selection cutting.