RAPD分子标记与玉米杂种产量优势预测的研究

RAPD Markers Studies in Predicting the Heterosis of F_1 Yield in Maize (Zea mays L.)

以24个优良玉米自交系按NCⅡ（11×13）设计组配成143个单杂交种为材料，利用RAPD分子标记技术研究玉米杂种优势群划分，遗传距离（GD）与特殊配合力、杂种产量、杂种产量优势（MH）的关系。结果表明：（1）RAPD技术可用于玉米杂种优势群划分。（2）亲本遗传距离与杂种产量优势、杂种产量、特殊配合力有一定相关关系，但决定系数很小，分别是10％、10％、15％，利用RAPD技术预测杂种优势、杂种产量作用有限，应进一步研究与杂种优势有关的数量性状位点（QTL），从而使育种家预测高产组合成为可能。

Maize heterotic grouping and the relahonship between genetic distance and yieldheterosis/F1 yield/special combining ability were studied using RAPDe technigue. Thematerials consisted of 24 maize inbred lines and their 143 single crosses by NCⅡ(11×13) mating design. The results of this study showed as following: (1) Heteroticgroups of maize was classified effectively by cluster analysis based on RAPDe. (2)Genetic distance was significantly correlated with F yields / yield heterosis / specialcombining ability, but coefficient of detendnation (r2) was low, which was 0.10,0.10, 0.15 respectively. RAPDe are of liwited usefulness for predicting the heteroticperformance of single crosses. (3) Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated withheterosis should be studied further that might help maize breeders to predicthigh-yielding combinations.