工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法与实证——以广东和广西为例

Appraising Model of Utilizing Efficiency of Resources and Environment for Industry and empirical study in Guangxi and Guangdong

工业生产是人类主要的经济活动,资源投入与效益产出、污染排放的相互关系决定了工业生产的资源环境效率。论文设计了工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法,即TOPSIS模型和DEA的SBM模型,通过TOPSIS模型对资源投入、经济效益和污染排放分别进行指标集成和综合考察,SBM模型将环境污染作为非期望产出纳入评价模型而考察各空间决策单元的工业生产效率。SBM模型的实证分析表明:两广地区形成工业发展有效率和无效率两大集群,广东的珠江三角洲、粤北、粤东与粤西南沿海地市和广西的桂西、桂西南地市多为有效率,而桂东、桂北及粤西北地市多为无效率并连续分布成面;工业无效率主要源于资源过度消耗和非期望产出,两广在减排工业废水、废气和降低资源和能源消耗方面有很大的改善潜力。

The industrial is the most important economic activity of human and has a significant influence on the resources and environment. The relationship among the resources input, economic benefit and environmental pollution determines the utilizing efficiency of resources, environment for industrial economy. But the existing literatures ignore the construction of integrated appraising model on this topic. Based on the review of progress in research, we design the appraising model of utilizing efficiency of resources, environment for industrial economy, including TOPSIS model and SBM of DEA model. The TOPSIS model can merge the several indexes into a synthesis index of resources input, economic benefit and environmental pollution respectively, and provide an integrated discussion. The SBM model of DEA considers the environmental pollution as an un-expected output in the calculating process which is different from the other existing models, and appraises the utilizing efficiency of industrial economy of each specimen region. This model improves the appraising method in this field. Then taking 35 cities in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces as the case region, we describe the spatial pattern of resources input, industrial benefit and environmental pollution respectively, and analyze the efficiency level of industrial economy of each region, and discuss the corresponding relationship between utilizing efficiency of industrial economy and input-output of industry. The result shows that there are two kinds of regions with the efficiency and inefficiency of industrial economy respectively. Twenty cities in the Pearl River Delta, north Guangdong and the coastal regions in east Guangdong and southwest Guangdong, and west Guangxi and southwest Guangxi have the efficiency of utilization of resources and environment for their industrial economy. But 15 cities in east Guangxi and north Guangxi and northwest Guang. dong have the inefficiency of industrial economy and those cities are distributed uninterrupted. Moreover, we identify the causation of un-efficiency of industrial economy of each city in Guang-dong and Guangxi. The discussion of SBM model demonstrates that the inefficiency of industrial economy largely results from the resources input and un-expected output, including over discharge of the pollutants and the over consumption of land resources, water resources and energy such as the coal, oil and electric power. Then the cities in Guangdong and Guangxi have the enormous potential on the reduction of industrial waste water, waste gas, and on the decrease of water resources, land resources, labor, capital and energy to improve the efficiency of industrial economy. Especially the technical renovation of industrial enterprises, such as the renewal of equipment and the equipment of pollutant disposal, and the improvement of environment access threshold of industrial enterprises, become the practical approaches to enhance the utilizing efficiency of resources and environment input for the industrial economy.