强化排热的空间热泵系统分析

Potential Heat Pump Systems for Enhancing Heat Rejection of Large Spacecraft

针对航天器潜在的各种类型热泵系统进行定性分析研究。综合分析表明,Rankine热泵系统综合性能最佳,效率高(理论上仅次于Stirling热泵系统),传热系数大,比重量小,地面上有长期运行的经验,其缺点是含有运动部件;Stirling热泵理论热效率虽高,但其传热系数小,比重量大,运动部件多;喷射式热泵和吸附式热泵系统最显著的优点是无运动部件,可靠性高,易于集成封装,而且还可以回收利用高温废热,不消耗系统电能,缺点是性能系数低,比重量大,设备十分庞大;对于其他类型热泵系统,其问题更多。

A qualitative analysis has been conducted on the potential space heat pumps applied to the future large spacecraft in the current paper. The investigation indicates that the comprehensive performance of Rankine heat pumps is optimal and promising, by comparison with the other heat pumps. Their good features include high coeffi-cient of performance (COP, second only to Stirling heat pumps), good heat transfer performance, small specific mass and a lot of experience on ground, however, their disadvantages is that the system operates with moving parts. Although the theoretic COP of the Stirling heat pump is highest, its performance of heat transfer is very poor, its specific mass is heavy and there are a lot of motion parts in its system. The prominent advantages of absorptive heat pumps and jet- compression heat pumps contain: no moving parts in system, high system reliability, good system integration and waste heat recovery. However, their shortcomings are that the COP is very low, system mass is very heavy. For the other kinds of heat pumps, they consist in more problems in space applications.