我国开展结直肠癌筛查工作的必要性和可行性

Necessity and feasibility of screening for colorectal cancer in China

近年来,我国结直肠癌的发病率和病死率明显升高,开展结直肠癌筛查是目前控制结直肠癌病死率最有效的手段.结直肠癌有明确的癌前病变--结直肠腺瘤,并且可以通过肠镜检查发现,这是结直肠癌能够早诊、早治的基础.筛查病变的步骤分为两步：第一步选择对象人群 第二步检查结直肠.筛查人群选择的准确性直接影响到筛查效率.常用的筛查方法有粪便潜血检测、结直肠癌高危因素问卷调查、结肠镜检查、乙状结肠镜检查以及CT模拟结肠镜检查等,其中结肠镜检查是应用最广泛、最可靠的方法.

：Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Screening for colorectal cancer is the most effective method to decrease mortality. Colorectal adenoma is the precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer and can be detected through colonoscopy,which is the crucial in the early diagnosis and early treatment for colorectal cancer. The first step of screening is the selection of target population and the second step is colorectal examination. The selection of candidate for screening has direct effect on the efficacy of screening. The methods in common use include fecal occult blood test, questionnaire for high risk factors of colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and CT virtual colonoscopy. Among those, colonoscopy is the most reliable method and widely used in the screening for colorectal cancer.