飞轮贮能系统在未来航天器中的应用

Flywheel Storage Systems for Future Spacecraft Applications

传统蓄电池贮能系统由于其比能量小、可靠性低的固有缺陷已难以满足未来航天器的总体性能发展要求。近年来，随着高性能磁轴承、高强度轻重量的复合材料、电力电子技术等一系列关键技术的发展，使得飞轮贮能系统取代目前航天器中镍氢电池贮能系统成为可能。文中系统地阐述这一未来的航天器贮能系统，其中具体介绍了飞轮贮能系统的高比能量、长寿命、高效率等优越特性以及在航天器应用中独具的位姿控制附加功能，并对飞轮贮能系统的结构组成、多功能集成等方面作了较为详细的论述。

For their inherent drawbacks such as low energy density and low reliability, traditional battery storage systems cannot satisfy the overall developing requirement of future spacecraft. The flywheel storage system is one of the oldest forms of energy storage, and has been used in many aspects. With the developments of high performance magnetic bearings, high strength/weight composite materials, and power and electronics technologies, in recent years the flywheel energy storage system has the potential to replace the current nickel hydrogen battery systems in spacecraft applications, the transportation, utility, and manufacturing industries. The application and the development of the flywheel storage system is briefly reviewed. This future spacecraft energy system is systematically explained. The advantages of flywheel systems such as high energy density, long life and the unique side benefit of spacecraft attitude control are specifically introduced. Finally, the configuration and the multifunction integration for flywheel systems are described.