西欧份地花园与美国社区花园的体系比较

The Comparison of Allotment Garden in Europe and Community Garden in the United States

一方面纳入地方规划和国家法律以形成保障其发展的政策框架,另一方面建立地方政府监管机构,同时与公共机构、私人团体和非营利组织密切协作以形成促进其发展的体制环境,是西欧份地花园长期稳定存在的必要条件。然而在美国,没有官方支持、组织松散的非营利组织筹集资金、争取土地的多样化渠道,以及在闲置土地再生、社区复兴自治等方面的努力同样值得参照。借鉴和比较西欧份地花园和美国社区花园体系体制内的稳定性与体制外的多样性,将其纳入城市开放空间体系,有利于引导和促进社区花园在我国的健康发展,实现其积极的社会环境意义。

Policy framework incorporated in the local planning and the national laws to ensure its development and institutional environment based upon close cooperation between local government regulation organization and public sector, private organizations and nonprofit organizations are necessary conditions of stable existence of allotment garden in Europe. It is also worthwhile to study the effort on fund raising by loosely organized nonprofit organizations that strive for lands through various channels, regenerate vacant land, and revive the community autonomy without the official support in America. Comparing the inner stability and the exterior variety in terms of institutions of the Allotment Garden in Europe and the Community Garden in the United States and incorporating them into urban open space system is beneficial for healthy development of the community garden in our country in order to achieve its positive significance of the social environment.