水稻叶片保绿性的分子遗传研究进展

Molecular Genetic Research Progress of Stay-green in Rice Leaf

植物叶片的衰老是植物在长期进化过程中形成的适应机制,与收获器官的形成及营养转运密切相关,受植物内部因素调节,属于不可逆转的过程。作物叶片过早衰老将导致同化能力降低,影响作物的产量和品质。加强植物叶片功能研究将有助于改善我国农作物品质、增加产量。水稻作为我国的第一大粮食作物,延缓水稻叶片衰老,延长其光合功能期对提高产量有着重要的意义。本文将从水稻叶片保绿性的概念和分类、叶片保绿过程中叶绿素的功能及其降解等生理生化特点、叶片保绿性的表型遗传和基因效应等遗传特性以及叶片保绿性分子调控等几个方面的进行综述。理清水稻叶片保绿性的分子遗传机制,对具高保绿能力叶片的高产水稻品种选育及高产潜力水稻种质资源的挖掘都具有重要指导意义。

Plant leaf senescence is an adaptive mechanism which is formed in the long-term evolution process,closely related to harvest organs and nutrient transport,and regulated by plant internal factors,as well as an irreversible process.The premature aging of crop leaf will lead to the reduction of the assimilation capacity,and influence crop yields and quality.Strengthen the function of plant leaves will help to improve the quality of crops and increase yields.As China＇s largest food crops,delaying rice leaf senescence and extending the period of photosynthesis is very important to increase production.In this article,we mainly summarized about stay-green of the rice leaf,including the concept and classification,the physiological and biochemical of characteristics of chlorophyll＇s function and its degradation in the process of stay-green,the genetic basis in phenotypes genetic and gene effects,and its molecular regulation.Making the molecular genetic mechanism of stay-green in rice leaf clear,which would have an important significance to good stay-green,high-yielding and ability varieties of germplasm resources and yield potential of mining in rice.