淮河流域水污染防治与生态经济思考

Water Pollution Control of the Huaihe River Valley and Ecological Economic Consideration.

淮河流域水环境严重污染的形成，既有历史社会经济发展中忽视环境保护、欠帐过多的问题，也有水资源条件差、环境容量较小的问题。淮河流域水环境污染多种多样，既有工业点源，又有农业和农村面源，还有人口迅速膨胀及城镇迅速发展所带来的污染。淮河流域水环境污染是生态经济问题。因此，解决淮河流域水环境污染问题，仅仅做到治理工业污染源、建立城市污水处理厂，是远远不够的。要从根本上解决淮河流域水环境问题，则应当在１９９５ 年淮河流域对工业污染源和城市生活污水治理进行规划的基础上，就人口、资源、环境、社会、经济进行综合考虑，从生态经济角度进一步做好全面的水环境规划。在规划中尤其要突出可持续发展，并在实施可持续发展中解决污染问题，要在工业、农业中普遍实行清洁生产，要注意节约水资源和合理利用水资源，注意控制人口增长并提高人口素质，在农村城镇化水平迅速提高的同时做好城镇生活污水利用和处理。

The formation of the serious pollution of aquatic environment in Huaihe River Valley is attributed both to the long neglected environment protection and accumulation of too many environmental problems in the past decades of socio economic development, and to the poor conditions of the water resources and small environmental capacity of the valley. Moreover, its diversified pollutant sources encompass not only industrial point sources, but also agricultural and rural non point sources,and domestic sewage as a result of the explosion of the population and the rapid development of towns. Consequently,to solve the pollution problem in Huaihe River Valley,it is far from enough only to control industrial pollution sources and set up sewage treatment plants. In order to solve substantially the pollution problem of the aquatic environment, it is essential that on the basis of the 1995 program on controlling industrial pollution sources and domestic sewage,an overall aquatic environment program should be worked out from the viewpoint of the ecological economics as well as out of the comprehensive consideration of population, resources, environment, society, and economy. In such a program, sustainable development is a subject of priority with the pollution problem being solved during its realization. The program will lay emphasis on popularization of cleaner production in the industry and agriculture, saving and rational utilization of water resources, control of the increase in population,improvement of population quality, and recycling and treatment of domestic sewage during the rapid urbanization in the rural areas.