真菌漆酶性质、分子生物学及其应用研究进展

Advances of Research on Characteristic,Molecular Biology and Applications of Laccase from Fungi

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶。目前发现多种生物能够产生漆酶,包括植物、真菌、昆虫和细菌等,其中,以真菌中的白腐真菌研究最多。由于漆酶在生物漂白、农作物秸秆利用以及环境污染处理等方面具有广阔的应用前景,漆酶研究受到越来越多的关注。同时,随着分子生物学技术的发展,漆酶研究已经深入到基因水平,多种漆酶基因已经成功获得克隆,一些漆酶基因也实现了异源表达。现针对真菌漆酶的生物学性质、分子生物学及其应用的研究进展进行了概括总结,并对其前景进行了展望。

Laccase is a kind of polyphenol oxidase which contains copper and can be secreted by many life-forms such as plants,fungi,insects and bacteria,among which,the white-rot fungi have been considered as the most important group of organism.Recently,laccase has been applying in the fields of bio-blanching,crop stalk utilization and bioremediation.Laccase research is increasingly emphasized in the world.Meanwhile,with the development of related molecular biological technology,the research of laccase has reached to gene level,several kinds of laccase genes were cloned,and some other laccase genes were expressed heterologously.This paper summarized its biological characteristics,development of molecular biological research and applications of laccase from fungi,and made prospect for its foreground.