皮革加脂剂的生物降解性研究

Biodegradability of Fatliquors

基于活性污泥处理,通过BOD和COD的测定,对制革生产中常用的5种典型加脂剂(硫酸酯盐型、亚硫酸盐型、磷酸酯盐型、非离子型和弱阳离子型)的生物降解曲线进行了研究,并测定了弱阳离子型和非离子型加脂剂对微生物生长的抑制作用。研究发现:在5种代表性的皮革加脂剂中,硫酸酯盐型和磷酸酯盐型加脂剂表现出良好的生物降解性能,亚硫酸盐型加脂剂也表现出一定的降解性能,但生物降解性能较前2种差,然而非离子型和弱阳离子型加脂剂难以生物降解,特别是弱阳离子型加脂剂还表现出对微生物生长的一定抑制作用。因此,从环保的角度考虑,制革生产中应优先使用硫酸酯盐型和磷酸酯盐型加脂剂,同时限制非离子型和弱阳离子型加脂剂的使用,否则它们会在周边环境中积累,可能导致严重的污染问题。

Based on activated sludge treatment, by the BOD and COD determination, the curve characteristics of the biological degradation of five typical fatliquors used in leather making process （ sulfuric acid ester salt, sulfite, phosphate salt, non - ionic and weak cationic fatliquors） were researched. It shows that in five kinds of fatliquors, the sulfuric acid ester salt and phosphate salt fatliquor show good biodegradability, sulfite fatliquor also shows some biodegradability which is less than that of the sulfuric acid ester salt and phosphate salt fatliquor. However, non - ionic and weak cationic fatliquosr are difficult to be biological degradated, especially that the weak cationic fatliquor shows a certain inhibitory effect on microbial growth. The results show that, from the environmental point of view, the sulfuric acid ester salt and phosphate salt fatliquor should be priority selected in the production, while non - ionic and weak cationic fatliquors should be limited to use in the leather making process. Non - ionic and weak cationic fatliquors will accumulating in the surrounding environment which may cause serious pollution problems.