不同军龄武警士兵的安全感状况及影响因素

Sense of security felt by the armed police with different service length and influential factors

目的探讨武警士兵安全感状况及相关影响因素。方法采用安全感量表(SQ)、军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、应对方式问卷(CSS),测评725名武警部队士兵的安全感、应激水平、领悟社会支持、应对方式,比较不同军龄(1、2、3年)士兵的差异。分析安全感(人际安全、确定控制)与领悟社会支持、应对方式及军人心理应激T分的相关性;以安全感总分为因变量,以领悟社会支持(家庭内支持、家庭外支持)、应对方式(幻想、退避、合理化、自责、求助、解决问题)以及军人心理应激T分为自变量进行逐步回归分析,筛选影响士兵安全感的因素。结果与军龄1年的士兵比较,军龄23、年的士兵在人际安全、确定控制,家庭内、外支持,解决问题、求助的得分均偏低(P<0.05),而在军人心理应激T分,幻想、退避、合理化和自责因子的得分偏高(P<0.01)。但军龄2年与3年的士兵间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。领悟社会支持的2个因子(家庭内支持和家庭外支持)和应对方式的2个因子(解决问题、求助)与人际安全、确定控制均呈显著正相关(P<0.001);而应对方式的4个因子(幻想、退避、合理化、自责因子)和军人心理应激T分与人际安全、确定控制呈显著负相关(P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析证明家庭外支持、解决问题、自责、求助、退避和军人心理应激是影响士兵安全感的主要因素。结论影响士兵安全感的因素较多,根据士兵的军龄进行针对性服务可促进心理健康教育的有效进行。

Objective To investigate the status of sense of security felt by the armed police and the influential factors thereof.Methods The sense of security,stress level,comprehension of social supports and the coping styles were measured and evaluated by use of Security Questionnaire（SQ）,Psychological Stress Self-Evaluation Test（PSET）,Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS） and Coping Style Scale（CSS） in 725 armed police,and the differences were compared between the servicemen with different service length（1,2 and 3 years）.The correlation between security sense（expressed as personal safety and determination of control） and comprehension of social supports,coping styles and T score on stress level were analyzed.A stepwise regression analysis was done to screen the factors influencing the security sense of servicemen with the overall score of security sense as the dependent variable and the comprehension of social supports（expressed as inside-and outside-family support）,coping styles（expressed as illusion,resignation,rationalization,self-condemned determinant,resort and problem-solving capacity） and T score on stress level as the independent variables.Results Compared with the armed police with 1 year of military service,those with 2 or 3 years of military service got lower scores in personal safety,determination of control,inside-and outside-family support,and resort and problem-solving capacity（P〈0.05）,and got higher scores in T score on stress level,illusion,resignation,rationalization,and self-condemned determinant（P〈0.01）,whereas no difference was found when compared with the soldiers with 2 years of service to those with 3 years of service（P〉0.05）.The two factors of comprehension of social supports（inside-and outside-family support）,and the two factors of coping styles（resort and problem-solving capacity） were positively correlated with the sense of security（personal safety and determination of control）（P〈0.001）;while the four factors of coping styles（illusion,resignation,rationalization and self-condemned determinant） and the T score on stress level were negatively correlated with the sense of security（P〈0.001）.It was proved by multivariate linear regression analysis that outside-family support,problems-solving capacity,resort and self-condemned determinant,resignation and stress level were the influential factors of servicemen security sense.Conclusion A several factors may influence the psychological security sense of armed police.It is important to give a directed psychological service aiming the different service length of the soldiers.