2008年和2009年云南省澂江县阳宗海水体砷污染及周边饮用水和食品的监测评价

Monitoring and analysis of arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai lake and the influence of arsenic to the surrounding drinking water and local food in Chengjiang of Yunnan province in 2008 and 2009

目的 掌握阳宗海水体砷污染状况及对周边饮水水源和食品的影响,为阳宗海砷污染治理,保障周边群众饮水和食品安全提供科学依据.方法 2008-2009年,以阳宗海湖水、阳宗镇阳宗海周边5 km范围内的水源水、生活饮用水和本地生产食品作为监测对象,对阳宗海10个湖水点,周边5 km范围内45个饮水点和地产食品进行砷监测.结果 2008年9月至2009年12月,阳宗海湖水砷范围为0.06～0.18 mg/L,2008年和2009年平均水砷分别为0.12 mg/L和0.10 mg/L,2008年高于2009年,与2009年比较差异有统计学意义（t=3.284,P＜0.05）.2009年阳宗海湖水枯、丰水期的平均水砷比较差异无统计学意义（t=0.905,P＞0.05）.3号泉眼水砷范围为0.12～30.36 mg/L,在2008年10月上旬达到峰值后,呈逐月下降趋势.2008年平均水砷为23.92 mg/L,2009年为2.41 mg/L,较上年下降了89.92%,两年间比较差异有统计学意义（t=9.582,P＜0.05）.2009年1-2月的平均水砷（11.96 mg/L）显著高于3-12月（0.50 mg/L,t=57.759,P＜0.05）.阳宗镇生活饮用水和人湖河水水砷符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准.检测阳宗镇地产食品78份,食品中含砷量合格77份,合格率为98.72%.结论 砷污染得到有效控制,除阳宗海水产品受到砷污染外,阳宗镇饮用水源和本地生产食品未受到阳宗海水体砷污染影响.建议采取有效措施防止水源受到污染.

Objective To find out the arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai lake and its influence to the surrounding drinking water source and the local food and to provide a scientific basis for arsenic pollution control,drinking water and food safety. Methods Arsenic monitoring were carried out in 10 points of Yangzonghai lake,45 water sources within 5 km of Yangzonghai lake, and locally produced food. Results From September 2008 to December 2009, the water arsenic concentrations of Yangzonghai lake ranged 0.06 - 0.18 mg/L, the average arsenic concentrations were 0.12 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L for 2008 and 2009, respectively, the value of 2009 was higher, and the difference was statistically significant（t = 3.284, P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant difference in the average of arsenic concentration of Yangzonghai lake between the dry and rainy season in 2009（t = 0.905, P 〉0.05）. The arsenic concentrations from the No. 3 spring water ranged from 0.12 - 30.36 mg/L. After a peak value early in October 2008, the No. 3 spring water showed a downward trend month by month. In 2008 the average arsenic concentration was 23.92 mg/L, 2009 was 2.41 mg/L, down 89.92% over the previous year, the difference was statistically significant（t = 9.582, P 〈 0.05 ）. In January and February 2009, the average arsenic concentration （11.96 mg/L） was significantly higher than those of March-December（0.50 mg/L, t = 57.759, P〈 0.05）. In Yangzong town, the arsenic concentration in the drinking water and river met the national drinking water health standards. Among 78 samples monitored of the locally produced food in Yangzong town, 77 passed, with a pass rate of 98.72%. Conclusions Arsenic contamination has been effectively controlled. The drinking water and local food production has not been contaminated by arsenic except aquatic products in Yangzonghai Lake. It is recommended to take effective measures to prevent water contamination.