栽培菊与菊属—近缘属杂种远缘杂交的研究

Distant Hybridization Between Chrysanthemum and the Intergeneric Hybrids of Dendranthema and Allied Genera

为利用菊属近缘属优良种质资源,对栽培菊花品种进行改良和种质创新,以菊花品种‘天坠玉露’为母本,大岛野路菊×芙蓉菊、南京野菊×芙蓉菊和菊花脑×菊蒿3个属间杂种为父本进行人工杂交,对杂种后代进行细胞学、形态学观察和基因组双色荧光原位杂交分析。结果发现,以南京野菊×芙蓉菊F1为父本进行杂交时,结实率为12.5%,后代中仅检测到‘天坠玉露’和南京野菊两个基因组,芙蓉菊基因组被排斥;以菊花脑×菊蒿F1为父本时的杂交结实率为0.25%,后代中也仅检测到‘天坠玉露’和菊花脑两个基因组,菊蒿基因组被排斥;以大岛野路菊×芙蓉菊F1为父本时的杂交结实率为22.5%,后代中同时检测到‘天坠玉露’、大岛野路菊和芙蓉菊3个基因组,获得了两属三物种间远缘杂种,其各杂交后代与父母本之间在形态上均存在显著差异。

To innovate chrysanthemum germplasm by introducing elite attributes of its allied genera,artificial hybridizations have been made between Dendranthema morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇（2n = 54;♀） and three intergeneric hybrids（♂）.The seed set of D.morifolium ＇Tianzhuiyulu＇ ×（D.crassum × Crossostephium chinense）,D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇×（D.indicum × C.chinense）and D.morifolium ＇Tianzhuiyulu＇×（D.nankingense × Tanacetum vulgare）was 22.5%,12.5% and 0.25% respectively.Dual-color genomic in situ hybridization was applied for these hybrids.In D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇ ×（D.indicum × C.chinense）hybrid,it contained two genomes of D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇and D.indicum.In D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇×（D.nankingense × T.vulgare）hybrid,it contained two genomes of D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇and D.nankingense.While in D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇×（D.crassum × C.chinense）hybrids,they contained three genomes of D.morifolium＇Tianzhuiyulu＇,D.crassum and C.chinense.The morphology of the hybrid and its parents differed significantly from one another.