后前入路治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁

Decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation in treatment of fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation

目的 探讨后前路减压、前路固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁的可行性及临床效果.方法 2000年3月至2008年5月,手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁37例.男21例,女16例;年龄19-58岁,平均42岁.颈椎屈曲牵张（distraction-flexion stage,DFS）损伤3型24例,4型13例.所有患者术前均行X线、CT及MR检查.用后前路手术减压解除绞锁,然后复位、前路融合并行锁定钛板内固定术治疗.以美国国立急性脊髓损伤研究组（NASCIS）和国际截瘫学会（IMSOP）1990年推荐的脊髓损伤神经定位标准,判断颈椎脊髓损伤的平面.ASIA分级判断脊髓恢复情况.术后每个月摄X线片和CT扫描观察复位及植骨融合情况,骨融合后每半年摄片一次.结果 手术时间为（4.5±0.5）h,术中出血200～500ml（平均360ml）,切口均一期愈合.术后所有患者均恢复颈椎椎体的正常序列.相邻节段固定为23例,跨节段固定13例,1例为四节段固定.术后随访16～45个月,平均32个月.术后X线及CT检查示植骨均在4-8个月内融合,内固定位置良好,无植骨块脱出或钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症.术后患者无脊髓损伤加重和ASIA分级的下降,感觉恢复7～20（平均12.7）个平面,脊髓功能平均提高一级.结论 后前路减压、解除绞锁,前路融合、钛板内固定手术是治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁的一种有效方法,有利于保留脊髓功能.

Objective To evaluate the surgical strategy of decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation in treatment fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 37 cases of lower cervical spine fracture with bilateral joints dislocation. There were 21 males and 16 females with an average age of 42 years （19-58）. Distraction-flexion stage 3（DFS 3） were found in 24 cases and DFS 4 in 13 cases. All the cases were diagnosed by X-ray, CT and MRI and confirmed during the surgery. Decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation had been adapted as the surgical strategy. The NASCIS and IMSOP standard were applied to definite the level of cervical spinal cord injury. The ASIA grading was used for evaluation the spinal cord function and the recovery rate. The X-ray and CT were used to observe reduction and bone fusion. Results The mean operative time was （4.5：±0.5） h, and the mean amount of blood loss was 360 ml （200-500 ml）. All the incision healed. The two segments fixation was used in 23 cases, 3 segments fixation in 13 cases, and 4 segments fixation in 1 case. The mean follow-up period was 32 months （16-45 months）.Postoperative X-ray and CT showed that bone fusion was achieved in all patients within 4-8 months, without graft displacement, or failure of implants. Spinal cord function did not aggravate, and sensory recovery ranged from 7 to 20 levels （averaged, 12.7）. The ASIA grade were improved with an average of one grade. Conclusion To treat fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation, the posterlor-anterior approach and anterior fixation/fusion was benefit to preservation the cervical spinal cord function and reconstruction biomechanical stability of the cervical spine.