胸椎管狭窄症硬膜骨化的手术策略

Surgical strategy to dural ossification of thoracic spinal stenosis

目的 探讨胸椎管狭窄症硬膜骨化的手术治疗策略并观察其疗效.方法 2004年1月至2008年6月共收治胸椎管狭窄症患者108例,经手术证实硬膜骨化29例.男19例,女10例;年龄42～74岁,平均56.4岁.病程2～48个月,平均13个月.发生于上胸段（T1～T4）4例,中胸段（T5～T8）5例,下胸段（T9～T12）20例.29例硬膜骨化患者均行后路椎板切除术.16例切开硬膜将骨化硬膜和骨化黄韧带一并切除;13例去薄椎板和致压骨块,最终使硬膜膨胀漂浮,硬膜表面带有部分骨化的残迹.术后1、3、12个月随访时进行日本矫形外科学会（JOA）评分.结果 平均手术时间140 min,平均出血量300 ml.16例切开硬膜者：11例术中修补,伤口放置引流管,24 h后拔除,7例出现脑脊液漏,3～5 d愈合;5例未修补硬膜,密集缝合肌层关闭伤口,术后伤口未放置引流管,脑脊液漏5～7 d愈合.13例漂浮法使硬膜膨胀的病例均未出现脑脊液漏.所有病例均未出现蛛网膜下腔感染,原有神经系统症状未加重.术后根据JOA评分改善率判定治疗结果：优22例,良5例,可2例.结论 对胸椎管狭窄症硬膜骨化采用切开硬膜将骨化的硬膜与骨化的黄韧带一并切除,以及去薄椎板和骨化块使硬膜漂浮膨胀的方法安全、可靠.手术疗效满意,硬膜骨化不影响手术预后,但增加手术的难度和风险.

Objective To explore the surgical strategies of thoracic spinal stenosis with dural ossification. Methods One-hundred and eight patients with thoracic spinal stenosis were treated. Dural ossification was found in 29 cases during operation from January 2004 to June 2008. There were 19 males and 10females, with an average age of 56.4 years （42-74 years）. The course of disease was 13 months （2-48months）. The lesion was located in T1-T4 in 4 cases, T5-T8 in 5 cases, and T9-T12 in 20 cases. All the patients were treated by posterior lamina resection. Both ossificated dural and ossificated yellow ligament were resected in 16 patients. Decompression was performed with partial ossification remaining on dural surface in 13 cases. JOA score was used to evaluate the outcomes 1, 3 and 12 months after operation. Results The average operation time was 140 min, and average bleeding was 300 ml. Dural incisions were repaired with a wound drainage in 11 cases. Seven cases appeared cerebrospinal fluid leakage which healed in 3-5 days.Dural incisions were not repaired without wound drainage in 5 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in these cases healed in 5-7 days. Thirteen cases treated with floating method did not appear cerebrospinal fluid leakage. All patients did not undergo subarachnoid infection and the aggravation of original nervous system symptoms. According to JOA score, all patients were evaluated as excellent in 22 cases, good in 5 and fair in 2 cases, and excellent and good rate was 93%. Conclusion For thoracic spinal stenosis with dural ossification, resection of both ossificated dural and ossificated yellow ligament and complete decompression with partial ossification remaining on dural surface is safe and reliable. Dural ossification does not influence the prognosis, but increase operative difficulty and risk.