老年脊柱结核的手术治疗

Surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis in older patients

目的 探讨老年脊柱结核患者的围手术期特点、手术入路及手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年4月至2007年5月收治的45例老年胸腰椎结核患者的临床资料.男26例,女19例;平均年龄为67（61～78）岁.单个椎体破坏8例,两个椎体破坏27例,三个或三个以上椎体破坏10例.病程1～8个月,平均4.5个月.部位：胸椎（T2～T10）9例,胸腰段（T11～2）14例,腰椎（L3、L4）16例,腰骶段（L5、S1）6例.Frankel分级：B级7例,C级21例,D级11例,E级6例.45例患者均合并一种或多种其他疾病,其中21例合并心脑血管疾病,10例合并糖尿病.术前对这些患者进行合理治疗,术后随访.术前均行抗结核治疗2～3周.T2～T7椎体结核采用经后路病灶清除植骨融合、后路钉-棒系统内固定术,腰骶段椎体结核采用后路椎弓根螺钉固定加前路结核病灶清除髂骨植骨融合术,其余采用一期前路结核病灶清除加植骨内固定手术.45例患者均获得随访,随访时间24～40个月,平均28.5个月.结果 所有患者术中及住院期间无死亡及严重并发症发生.44例治愈,1例复发.植骨于12～18个月内均获融合.Frankel分级明显改善,B级1例,C级6例,D级11例,E级27例.结论 围手术期对并存疾病进行有效处理后,老年脊柱结核患者可以耐受手术治疗.如手术入路选择合理,病灶清除、内固定并植骨融合术可以提供足够的稳定性和较好的疗效.

Objective To discuss perioperative features, operative approach and surgical effects of spinal tuberculosis in older patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 45 patients with spinal tuberculosis ranging in age from 61 to 78 years （average, 67 years）. The lesion was located in thoracic vertebrae in 9 patients, thoracolumbar vertebrae in 14, lumbar in 16, and lumbosacral in 6. Preoperative Frankel grades were B in 7 cases, C in 21, D in 11 and E in 6. Among them, 21 had cardio-cerebrovascular disease, 10 had diabetes mellitus. With preoperative medicine and chemotherapy for 2-3 weeks, all patients were treated surgically. The surgical procedures included： 1） Posterior focus debridement, bone grafting and one-stage posterior transpedicular screw system fixation in thoracic vertebrae （T2-T7）. 2） Anterior debridement, bone grafting and one-stage posterior transpedicular instrumental fixation in lumbosacral vertebrae （L5-S1）. 3） Anterior focus elimination, bone grafting and one-stage anterior plate fixation in the other vertebrae. Results Forty-five patients were followed up for 24 to 40 months, with the average of 28.5 months. No severe complication occurred during and after operation. Forty-four cases had recovered and 1 recurred. Spinal fusion occurred 12-18 months after operation. Frankel neurological grades improved significantly. Conclusion With the effective management of comorbidities in perioperative period,the elderly could tolerate surgical treatment. The appropriate approaches, thorough debridement and reasonable bone grafting with internal fixation are key to therapeutic success. Keywords：