光学显微镜测量胃食管反流病患者食管下段细胞间隙的临床价值

Microscopic measurement of intercellular space of squamous epithelium in lower part esophagus of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease

目的 通过光学显微镜（光镜）对糜烂性食管炎（ERD）、非糜烂性食管炎（NERD）、Barrett食管（BE）患者及正常对照组食管下段鳞状上皮细胞间隙宽度的测量,探讨胃食管反流病（GERD）患者各亚型尤其是BE食管下段细胞间隙的光镜下改变及其对临床诊断的意义.方法 顺次收集具有GERD症状且内镜和24 h食管pH监测证实为ERD 21例、NERD 21例;胃镜诊断为BE,并在病变处活检且经病理证实BE 13例;对照组为内镜检查及24 h食管pH监测均为阴性者,共20例.ERD组、NERD组及对照组在食管齿状线上2 cm取活检,经常规方法制成HE切片,在油镜下（×1000）观察细胞间隙增宽情况,并采集图像采用图像分析系统对鳞状上皮层基底上层细胞间隙宽度进行定量测量.每例样本测量10个细胞,每个细胞连续测量10个细胞间隙,即每例患者测量100个细胞间隙,求其均值后进行统计学分析.结果 光镜下正常对照组、BE、ERD及NERD组平均细胞间隙分别为0.59、0.99、1.29及1. 06μm.GERD各亚型的细胞间隙均较正常对照组显著增宽,ERD组平均、最大及最小细胞间隙均较NERD组和BE组显著增宽,差异有显著性意义（P=0.000）;NERD组和BE组平均、最大及最小细胞间隙差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）.光镜下细胞间隙增宽诊断GERD的截断（cut-off）值为0.85 μm,联合临床症状、内镜表现及细胞间隙增宽大于此cut-off值,则光镜下细胞间隙增宽诊断ERD、NERD、BE的敏感度为89.1%,特异度为100.0%.结论 GERD各亚型食管下段均可见细胞间隙增宽的改变,光镜测量GERD患者食管下段鳞状上皮细胞间隙可作为ERD、NERD及BE诊断的一项辅助检查.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of intercellular space diameters （ISD）of squamous epithelium by light microscopy （LM） in lower esophagus of erosive reflux esophagitis （ERD）,non-erosive reflux disease （ NERD）, Barrett esophagus （BE） and healthy controls. Methods A total of 21 ERD and 21 NERD patients with reflux symptoms and confirmed with 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, 13 BE patients diagnosed by gastroscopy and biopsy, and 20 other healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Samples of ERD, NERD and control group were collected at 2 cm above dentate line, and made HE slides in the conventional way. Images for measurement of ICS were acquired with oil lens （ × 1000）. ICS of squamous epithelium was quantitatively measured by computer-assisted morphometry. Ten cells were taken for each sample, 10 consecutive ISD for each cell, i.e. 100 ISD for each subject. Mean ISD was calculated.Results Mean ISDs by LM in control, BE, ERD, and NERD groups were 0. 59, 0. 99, 1.29 and 1.06 μm, respectively. The mean ISDs in BE, ERD, and NERD group were much greater than that in control （P〈0. 05）. The mean, maximal and minimal ISDs of group ERD were greater than those of NERD and BE （P = 0. 000）. However, the ISDs of NERD and BE are of no significant difference （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. The cut-off value of mean ISD for diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease （GERD） was 0. 85 μm. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for ERD, NERD and BE were 89. 1% and 100. 0%, with reference to clinical symptoms, endoscopy and ISDs above the cut-off value. Conclusion Larger ISDs in lower esophagus by using LM will be found in all subgroups of GERD, including ERD, NERD and BE. Increased ISDs may be one of the markers for diagnosis of ERD, NERD and BE.