超声在浅表淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用进展

Ultrasonography of Superficial Lymph Nodes:Application and New Trials

确认原发癌有无淋巴结的转移对治疗方案的选择及预后判断有非常重要的意义,同时快速诊断没有肿瘤病史的患者出现淋巴结肿大也很重要。高频超声是常用的检查浅表淋巴结的方法,通过二维超声、彩色多普勒超声和能量多普勒超声所提供的综合信息对浅表淋巴结疾病进行诊断。随着超声技术的不断进步,实时淋巴结超声造影可以反映更多的淋巴结内部的血管构成情况,最新研究成果超声弹性成像可根据淋巴结的弹性性质判断其良恶性。

The identification of lymph node metastases is of primary importance for cancer staging because it directly affects not only the prognosis but also the therapeutic decisions. Additionally, the rapid diagnosis of lymph node enlargement is also critical for patients without previous cancer history. High-frequency ultrasonography is commonly used for the evaluation of lymph nodes at superficial sites. Contrast enhanced nltrasonography provides far more detailed information on nodal vascularity. Sonoelastography has the potential to further improve the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes. The aim of this article is to describe the result and limits of the ultrasongraphic techniques currently used in clinical practice and to indicate the possible developments deriving from the new technologies.