南方民族语言的名词分类词和数词分类词

Nominal and Numeral Classifiers in the Southern Minority Languages in China

壮侗、苗瑶、藏缅语族不少语言中存在名词分类词和数词分类词,二者在语法、语义等方面存在较大差别。分类词强弱程度不尽相同,从地域上看形成了一个以壮侗语族为中心,依次经苗瑶、藏缅逐渐向外递减扩散的同心圈结构。

Nominal and numeral classifiers exist in a number of Zhuang-dong（Kra-Tai）,Miao-yao （Hmong-mien） and Tibeto-Burman languages.These two types of classifiers vary greatly in terms of morphosyntax and semantics.In different language branches these classifiers have different degrees of morphosyntactic behaviors,and a concentric circle may be proposed in accordance with the areal distribution of the varying degrees of classifiers in the three language branches：the innermost circle constituting the Kra-Tai branch,then the Hmong-mien branch,and the outermost the Tibeto-Burman branch.