中国西北干旱区和东部季风影响区冬季气温变化特征对比分析

The comparative analysis on winter temperature characteristics in northwestern region and eastern monsoon region

利用我国西北干旱区138站、东部季风区375站1960～2006年47年的冬季气温资料,对其时空变化特征及气温变化倾向率进行了对比分析,并对其变化异同的原因进行了分析,结果表明:干旱区与季风区的时间变化规律基本一致,总体是在波动中呈一致的上升趋势,但西风地区的升温趋势较季风区更加明显;增温趋势与纬度有关,增温大区主要位于北方,其中以处于季风区的东北、华北北部和处于干旱区的西北地区的东北、西北和中南部地区最大,最大增温幅度≥0.6℃/10a,升温不明显的地区主要位于青藏高原东南部的川、贵、滇、湘一带;共同的天气气候背景及大尺度天气系统,在不同地区影响能力的大小以及北极涛动和东亚冬季风环流等是造成季风区和干旱区气温变化异同的主要原因。

Using the 47-year average temperature information from 1960 to 2006 of 138 stations in northwestern region and 375 stations,in eastern monsoon region we comparative analyzed the time and space characteristics and the temperature changing in tend rate and analyzed the reasons of the change.The result shows that the change trends of winter were basically the same in western region and the monsoon areas,fluctuation in general was the upward trend in line,and the upward trend was increase,but the annual change in the western district was more dramatic,and the annual rate of change was large.The trend of temperature increase was related with latitude,the higher temperature of the region was mainly located in the northern region,the largest rate of warming was ≥ 0.6 ℃ /10a,unsignificant warming area was Qinghai-Tibet Plateau including Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Hunan area.