历史民族志、宗教认同与文学意境的汇通——张承志《心灵史》中关于“哲合忍耶门宦”历史论述的解析

The Integration of Historical Ethnography,Religious Identity and Literary Significance——About the Theme and Analysis of Historicity to Jahriya in a History of the Soul by Zhang Chengzhi

张承志的《心灵史》所阐述的不仅是哲合忍耶门宦历史论述的当代反思观点,同时所揭示的也是特殊历史意义下中国苏非派门宦内传文献的宗派意识与我群认同观。这其中所展现的,也包括历史民族志、宗教认同与文学意境汇通下的底层史意涵。张承志藉由投身于哲合忍耶社群的特殊经验,使得自己的信仰获得了前所未有的实践意义。但也由于他所身处时代的复杂性,让张承志透过《心灵史》所展现的内部代言与外部诠释观,与当代哲合忍耶历史的"再现"之间,也反映出其身为穆斯林知识分子的特殊"困境"。

The major theme of Zhang Chengzhi＇s A History of the Soul is not only reflected the historical significance of Jahriya in modem situation, but also depicts the sectarian consciousness and image of others within the internal text of Sufism orders that under their specific background. It＇s could be considered as a ＂proctological history＂ that including the parts of historical ethnography, religious identity and literary significance. According to his role and experience of participant-observation in Jahriya communities, Zhang also gets his religious redemption and to be dedicated to the proposition that as a re-identified Muslim. But owing to the complicated situation of his own, A History of the Soul lets Zhang to be inevitably to choose the role of internal describer and external observer. Although by way of this sophisticated comprehension, Zhang finally represents the ＂authentic＂ history ofjahriya that never seen before, it also simultaneously presents the unique meaning of difficult adaptation to contemporary Muslim intellectuals in modem China.