固态发酵复合蛋白质对猪肠道消化生理及养分消化率的影响研究

Effects of Solid-state Fermented Compound Protein on Digestive Physiology and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing Pigs

本研究旨在比较饲喂固态发酵(SSF)复合蛋白质与未固态发酵(NSSF)复合蛋白质对生长猪肠道消化生理及养分表观消化率的影响。选择(27.7±3.3)kg的PIC生长阉公猪18头,随机分配到3个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪,3个处理分别为基础饲粮组、NSSF组和SSF组。以玉米-豆粕型饲粮为基础饲粮,NSSF复合蛋白质(13.34%)和SSF复合蛋白质(12.04%)分别替代基础饲粮中粗蛋白质含量的30%构成NSSF组和SSF组试验饲粮。以三氧化二铬作为外源指示剂,试验期8d。试验期间收集全部粪便,试验结束后每个处理选5头猪屠宰,收集胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠食糜考察不同处理对猪肠道消化生理和养分表观消化率的影响。结果表明:1)SSF组胃内食糜pH显著低于NSSF组和基础饲粮组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其回肠食糜pH也显著低于NSSF组(P<0.05);2)SSF组和NSSF组胃食糜相对黏度均显著高于基础饲粮组(P<0.05或P<0.01);3)SSF组与基础饲粮组胃蛋白酶、十二指肠和空肠胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于NSSF组(P<0.05或P<0.01);4)SSF组肓肠乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和氨含量显著低于基础饲粮组和NSSF组(P<0.05或P<0.01),SSF组和基础饲粮组盲肠挥发性盐基氮含量显著低于NSSF组(P<0.05);5)SSF组与基础饲粮组粗蛋白质、酸性洗涤纤维的总肠道表观消化率和多数氨基酸的回肠表观消化率均显著高于NSSF组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此可知,在生长猪饲粮中添加12.04%SSF复合蛋白与添加13.34%NSSF复合蛋白相比,可以降低猪胃和回肠内食糜pH及肓肠微生物发酵产物含量、提高小肠食糜消化酶活性及养分表观消化率。

The experiment was conducted to compare the effects of solid-state fermented （SSF） compound protein and non solid state fermented （NSSF） compound protein on digestive physiology and nutrient apparent digestibility in growing pigs. Eighteen PIC growing barrows with average body weight of （27.7±3.3） kg were randomly divided into 3 treatments of 6 replicates per treatment and 1 pig per replicate. Three treatments were consisted of basal diet group, NSSF group and SSF group. Pigs were fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet. Experimental diets were the basal diet replaced 30% crude protein with 12.04% SSF compound protein and 13.34% NSSF compound protein, respectively. Chromium oxide was added into the diets as an indicator, the trial lasted for 8 d. The feces were collected during the experimental period, and five barrows per treatment were humanely killed at the end of the experiment. The chyme of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum were collected to study the effects of different treatments on digestive physiology and nutrient apparent digestibility in growing pigs. The results were showed as follows： 1） pH of stomach chyme of SSF group was significantly lower than that of NSSF group and basal diet group （P0.05 or P0.01）, and pH of ileum chyme of SSF group also significantly lower than that of NSSF group （P0.05）; 2） relative viscosity of stomach chyme of SSF group and NSSF group were significantly higher than that of basal diet group （P0.05 or P0.01）; 3） pepsin activity in stomach, trypsin, amylopsin and pancrelipase activity in small intestine of SSF group and basal diet group did not significantly differ （P0.05）, while the two groups were significantly higher than that of NSSF group （P0.05 or P0.01）; 4） acetic acid, total volatile fatty acids and ammonia contents in caecum of SSF group were significantly lower than that of basal diet group and NSSF group （P0.05 or P0.01）, total volatile basic nitrogen content in the caecum of SSF group and basal diet group were significantly lower than that of NSSF group （P0.05）; 5） total intestinal tract apparent digestibility of CP and ADF, and apparent ileal digestibility of most amino acids of SSF group and basal diet group were significantly higher than that of NSSF group （P0.05 or P0.01）. The results indicate that compare with 13.34% NSSF compound protein, 12.04% SSF compound protein in growing pig diet can decrease the pH of chyme in stomach and ileum, decrease the microorganism metabolites in the caecum, and improve the digestive enzyme activity of chyme in small intestine and nutrient apparent digestibility.