三聚氰胺对肉鸡毒性作用分析

Toxicity of Melamine in Broilers

本试验旨在通过研究三聚氰胺(MEL)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肝肾病理学的影响,分析其对肉鸡的毒性作用。试验选用1920只1日龄科宝肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,分别饲喂添加0、2、10、30、50和100mg/kg MEL的饲粮,每个处理10个重复,每个重复32只肉鸡。试验期42d。结果表明,饲粮中添加MEL对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);21d时,随着饲粮MEL添加水平的增加,肉鸡血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性增加,100mg/kg组显著高于0、2、10和30mg/kg组(P<0.05);血清中尿酸的含量,21d时,100mg/kg组显著高于10和50mg/kg组(P<0.05),42d时,显著高于0、2和30mg/kg组(P<0.05);血清中谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性和肌酐的含量各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);病理切片显示肉鸡肝脏和肾脏受到不同程度的损伤。由此可知,饲粮中添加0～100mg/kg MEL不影响肉鸡生产性能,但对肝脏和肾脏存在一定的毒性效应,血清GPT和尿酸对MEL反应敏感,其中100mg/kg MEL的毒性作用最强。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of melamine on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and the toxicity in liver and kidney of broilers. A total of 1 920 one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allotted to 6 treatments （10 replicates per treatment and 32 chicks per replicate）. Broilers in different treatments were fed with diets containing 0, 2, 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg melamine. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed that dietary melamine supplementation had no significant effects on the growth performance of broilers （P0.05）. At d 21, the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） activity were increased with the increase of the melamine, and that of 100 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of the control, 2, 10 and 30 mg/kg groups （P0.05）. The serum uric acid （UA） content of 100 mg/kg group was significantly increased than that of 10 and 50 mg/kg groups at 21 d and the control, 2, 30 mg/kg groups at 42 d （P0.05）; there were no significant differences in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase （GOT） activity and creatinine （CRE） content among all treatments （P0.05）. The extent of damage of kidney and liver were increased with the increase of dietary melamine supplemental level. In conclusion, the diets supplemented with 0～100 mg/kg melamine have no significant effects on growth performance, but showed toxicity in the liver and kidney. The serum GPT activity and UA content are sensitive to dietary melamine supplementation. In the experiment, the toxicity of 100 mg/kg melamine is the strongest.