我国不同规模奶牛场的技术效率及其影响因素分析——基于新分类数据和随机距离函数

Analysis on Technical Efficiencies of Dairies with Different Scales and Influencing Factors:Based on New Classification Data and Stochastic Distance Function

运用2004—2008年我国23个主要奶牛养殖省牛奶生产的新分类数据,使用随机距离函数计算了中国牛奶生产的技术效率及其变动趋势。研究结果表明:全国牛奶生产的平均技术效率为78.3%,年均增长速度5.5%,效率的进步特征明显;不同规模奶牛场的技术效率差异显著,适度扩大养殖规模有利于提升效率水平;卫生防疫、饲料投入结构、市场的消费需求和养殖户收益等因素对牛奶生产的技术效率具有显著的正向影响。

Based on the new classification data about dairy farms in 23 provinces of China during 2004-2008,this paper uses stochastic distance function to calculate the technical efficiency of milk yield and its trend.The results show as follows： the average technical efficiency of dairy yield in China is up to 78.3% with an annual increase of 5.5%,and the technical advancement is obvious;there is significant difference on technical efficiency among dairy farms with different scales,and expanding farm scale helps to enhance technical efficiency;health care administration,fodder structure,consumption demand and farmer＇s profit have positive effects on technical efficiency.