秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和油菜生长发育的影响

Effect of Straw Mulch Conservative Cultivation on Growth,Yield and Soil Nutrients of Rapeseed(Brassica Compestris)

通过田间试验,研究了不同秸秆(水稻秸秆和玉米秸秆)不同量覆盖条件下耕层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾的效应以及旱地油菜株高、花序数和分枝数的差异,并进行了产量分析。结果表明:秸秆覆盖对耕层土壤有机质的积累没有明显作用,总体上全氮随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加。同水平玉米秸秆覆盖处理较水稻秸秆覆盖处理对碱解氮的积累作用较明显;秸秆覆盖处理大部分可以提高耕层土壤全钾;不同秸秆对耕层土壤钾素的影响不同,水稻秸秆覆盖处理对土壤有效磷、全钾和速效钾的效果优于玉米秸秆覆盖;速腐剂的使用对有机质、碱解氮积累没有影响,但可以增加土壤全氮、全磷的累积,无作物的情况下速腐剂可以增加耕层土壤全钾的积累。秸秆覆盖对油菜的营养生长和生殖生长有显著促进作用,秸秆覆盖可以显著提高油菜的株高,增加分枝数和花序数;速腐剂的加施对营养生长的效果明显,但对生殖生长的效果未显现出来。秸秆覆盖可以增加油菜产量,同水平秸秆覆盖速腐剂处理的产量最高。

A filed experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw mulching（rice straw and corn stalks） on growth,yield and nutrients availability of Rapeseed.The experimental results revealed that straw mulch treatments non-significantly effected the soil organic matter accumulation;the total nitrogen with the straw mulch increased;the same level of maize straw mulch treatments have more pronounced effect on the accumulations of nitrogen than rice straw mulch treatments;the straw mulch treatments can improve soil total potassium;the impact of different straw mulch treatments on soil potassium was different,the treatments of rice straw mulch get better the effects on soil available phosphorus,total potassium and rapidly-available potassium than the effects of maize straw mulch treatments;the use of rottening agent have no effect on accumulation of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,but it can increase the accumulation of total soil nitrogen and total phosphorus,in the case of non-crop the rottening agent can increase the accumulation of soil potassium;Straw mulching has a significant effect in promoting the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rapeseed,straw mulching can significantly improve the height of rapeseed,increase the number of branches and inflorescence and rottening agent significantly improved the vegetative growth,but the effect on reproductive growth was not apparent.Rottening agent produced significantly more yield than the same level of straw mulch treatments.