标准化病人教学法在护理学基础教学中应用效果的系统评价

Effects of Standardized Patients Teaching Method in Nursing Fundamental:A Systematic Review

目的系统评价标准化病人在《护理学基础》教学中的应用效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库及数字化期刊全文数据库等资源,搜集有关标准化病人教学法对比传统教学法在《护理学基础》教学中应用的随机对照试验(RCT)或半随机对照试验(q-RCT)。采用由Smits等设计的质量评价量表对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价,而后提取有效数据并采用RevMan 5.0.17软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入5个RCT和1个q-RCT,共585例研究对象。质量评价结果表明,5个RCT研究质量评分均≥30分。由于纳入研究间的同质性较差,本研究仅采用描述性分析。结果显示,与传统教学法相比,标准化病人教学法可提高学生的护理操作技能、护患沟通能力及临床判断能力。结论标准化病人教学法是一种更有前景的教学模式,但由于有关标准化病人在护理基础教学中的RCT尚少,纳入研究教学方法和考核标准差异较大,上述结论尚需开展更多高质量的研究予以验证。

Objective To evaluate the effect of standardized patient（SP） used in nursing fundamental.Methods Randomized controlled trials（RCTs） or quasi randomized controlled trials（q-RCTs） about comparing standardized patients with traditional teaching method in nursing fundamental were searched from the following electronic databases：PubMed,EMbase,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM,VIP and so on.The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed according to the quality assessment scale developed by Smits PB,and the valid data were extracted and meta-analyzed with the Cochrane Collaboration＇s RevMan 5.0.17 software.Results Five RCTs and one q-RCT involving 585 participants were included.The results of quality evaluation showed that the scores of five studies were more than or equaled 30.Descriptive analyses were only used because there was clinical heterogeneity between different studies.Comparing with traditional teaching method,SP teaching method in nursing fundamental improved the nursing procedure skills,the communication ability with patients and the ability of clinical judgment for nursing students.Conclusion The standardized patient teaching method is a prospective teaching mode.Because of the lack of RCTs about SP used in nursing fundamental,and the big difference of the teaching method and examine criteria in different studies,it is necessary to be verified in future by unified assessment methods and more researches with high quality.