非暴力:中国农村社会冲突的礼让逻辑

Non-violence:the Polite Logic in the Conflict Communication of Rural Community

就"冲突传播"的形式而言,依照冲突双方能否相互直接感知到对方所传递的信息为标准,冲突传播可分为显性传播和隐性传播两种;如果按照冲突双方所使用的传播符号进行分类,则冲突传播有语词传播和非语词传播两类。冲突的本性是暴力的,但冲突传播的本性却并非如此。暴力和礼让犹如冲突传播的两级,充满着张力。冲突传播是暴力还是礼让,要视冲突双方采取的行动而定。人既能够基于现实的考量争取利益,同时也能够基于现实的考量,避免使自己的损失最大化。这一反一正,既反映了冲突传播的暴力的一面,同时也反映了在冲突传播中存在着以礼让化解冲突的可能方向。非暴力作为一种冲突传播的礼让逻辑,不仅是一种理念,同时它也是一种可操作、可学习、可应用的原则、策略和表达方式。

In terms of the form of conflict communication,according to the criteria that both sides of conflict can notice the message communicated by the other side each other through direct perception,the conflict communication is differentiated with visible communication and hidden communication;according to the communication symbol that two disputants use,the conflict communication is differentiated with verbal communication and non-verbal communication.Although the nature of conflict is violent,the nature of the conflict communication is quite different.Violence and politeness are like two ends of the conflict communication,which are full of tense and challenges.As far as the conflict communication is concerned,whether the conflict communication is belonging to violent or politeness depends on the choice of both sides of the conflict.On the one hand,man can struggle for themselves on the account of the practical interests;on the other hand,they can also minimize their losses on the account of the practical interests.Seemingly contradictory results may not only suggest the violence of the conflict communication but also show the possible direction of conflict resolving with politeness.As the logic of politeness in the conflict communication,the non-violence is not only the ideas,but also principles,tactics and the types of expression that can be learned,operated and used.