水科学的学科体系及研究框架探讨

Discussion on Discipline System and Research Framework of Water Science

"水科学"(Water Science)是最近20年来出现频率很高的一个词,但其使用已经比较混乱,急需要界定"水科学"的范畴和学科体系。现通过大量文献分析,结合最近几年的认识和思考,在目前国内对水科学理解评述的基础上,定义了水科学的概念及研究范畴;总结给出水科学学科体系,共涉及8个学科门类,包括相互交叉的10个方面,即水文学、水资源、水环境、水安全、水工程、水经济、水法律、水文化、水信息、水教育;构建了以"基础理论—技术方法—应用实践"为体系的水科学研究框架;在分析水科学研究面临的挑战的基础上,对未来水科学研究进行展望,提出8个方面的研究方向及研究趋势。

In the past two decades,the term＂water science＂has been used with a very high frequency and certain confusion. Therefore,it is urgent to define the discipline system of＂water science＂. Combining literature reviews with personal understanding, this paper contributes to the following aspects： First,to define the concept and category of＂water science＂on the basis of domestic comments on water science. Second,to summarize the academic system of＂water science＂which involves 8 disciplines and 10 overlapping aspects, namely, hydrology, water resource, water environ ment, water security, water engineering, water economy, water law, water culture, water information and water education. Third, to structure the research framework of＂water science＂, which means the system of＂basic theory-technical approach-practical application＂. Finally, to forecast the development of＂water science＂in the future and put forward 8 research directions and trends based on confronting challenges.