美国中亚利桑那调水工程(CAP)地下水银行经验对我国调水工程的启示

Underground Water Bank Operation Experience of Central Arizona Project and Its Inspiration to the Water Transfer Projects in China

美国中亚利桑那调水工程(CAP)已成功运行三十余年,堪称世界上大型调水工程的典范。该工程包括运用地下水银行对富余水量进行存贮以备枯水年之需已有十几年的历史,并且通过水权置换的方式与上游的内华达州在水源短缺的年份进行交换。工程在管理上具有政府委托,地方参与的董事会管理,企业化运营的特色,在技术、运行管理、环境保护、印第安人特殊的水权保护、农户地下水开采权的置换、以及与工程相关的立法,税务,水资源安全等积累了很多经验。其地下水回灌效率超过99%,且实施地下水回灌以来观测地下水位稳步上升,这些都对我国正在建设中的南水北调工程有着重要的参考价值。

The Central Arizona project （CAP） with its thirty years of operation experience has been a worldwide model for large scale water transfer projects. CAP has a history of over ten years to use underground water bank as a storage reservoir,and exchange water right with the upstream Nevada State. They have rich experience on engineering, techniques, operation and environment protection. The efficiency of underground water recharge was over 99% ,and the underground water level kept rising after the recharge,which were good examples for our South-to-North Water Diversion Project.