法律修辞、语言游戏与判决合法化——对“判决书上网”的法理思考

Legal Eloquence,Language Game and Sentence Legalization——Jurisprudence Thought about "Judgment online"

法律修辞是司法过程中的遣词造句,不仅是一种说服手段,而且是展现真理的一种事实性力量。法律修辞的意义,从哲学角度来说,是法律的展现,具有存在论的意义;从经济学角度来说,可以降低信息成本;从政治学角度来说,具有限制权力的功效。当代中国法院判决书说理和修辞的普遍缺乏,根源在于缺乏可以对判决书进行自由讨论的公共领域,也即没有以法律修辞为中心的语言游戏。法院判决应从中国古代判词中汲取修辞艺术,降低信息成本。判决书上网就是在判决书的公共领域引入读者批判的一种对策,对于加强判决书的说理和修辞具有一定的意义。

Legal eloquence means the wording and phrasing during judicial process.It is not only a persuading approach,but also a practical power to show the truth.From the view of philosophy,legal eloquence is the embodiment of law and has ontological significance;from the point of economics,it can lower down the cost of information;from the perspective of politics,it has the effect of restricting authority.The judgment of modern Chinese courts is widely lack of reasoning and eloquence.The root reason is the lack of a public area to have free discussion on judgments,namely without the language game centering legal eloquence.The judgment of court should absorb the art of eloquence from Chinese ancient judgments in order to lower down information cost.Judgment online is the strategy to introduce the evaluation of authors in the public area of judgment and has certain significance of enhancing the reasoning and eloquence of judgements.