论我国的雇主替代责任制度

On China's Employer Vicarious Liability System

2003年最高人民法院关于人身损害赔偿的司法解释以及即将正式实施的《侵权责任法》对雇主替代责任的配置有失均衡,不符合我国当前社会发展的需要,对于雇主替代责任,在其责任的构成要件上,应当以雇员执行职务时对他人造成损害的行为构成侵权为前提;我们顺应现代立法潮流,借鉴两大法系国家侵权法的规则,使雇主替代责任建构符合侵权法的一般原理,在规定雇主承担严格责任的同时,规定雇员也应当就其实施的侵权行为对受害人承担侵权责任,并不考虑其是一般过失,还是存在故意或重大过失。雇主应当和雇员共同就其雇员实施的侵权行为对受害人承担连带责任。

The judicial explanation of Supreme People＇s Court about personal injury in 2003 is not consistent with the configuration of employer vicarious liability in the ＂Tort Liability Law＂ to be officially implemented and goes against the demand of China＇s current social development.As for employer vicarious liability,the components of liability should premise that the harmful behavior of employees to others in performing their duties constitutes infringement;conforming to modern legislation trend and referring to the Law of Torts of two law countries,we are to make the construction of employer vicarious liability fit the general principle of Law of Torts.While regulating employer should take serious liability,the law system should also regulate employee should take infringement liability for his/her infringement to victim regardless of whether it is a common mistake,intended or serious.Employer and employee should undertake joint liability for employee＇s infringement to victim.