国家赔偿举证责任分配规则探析

The Rules on the Allocation of the Burden of State Compensation

明确赔偿请求人与赔偿义务机关在国家赔偿案件中的举证责任分配规则无疑是修改后的《国家赔偿法》的一大亮点。修改后的《国家赔偿法》规定国家赔偿案件在一般情况下适用民事侵权损害赔偿案件中举证责任分配的一般规则,此无疑与现代举证责任分配之基本理论相合。同时,修改后的《国家赔偿法》亦考虑到赔偿请求人与赔偿义务机关举证能力之差异,从而加重了特定情形下赔偿义务机关的举证责任。此外,赔偿义务机关举证责任的范围应当扩大到因赔偿义务机关办理案件的程序不完备或因受害人人身自由被限制导致赔偿请求人无法证明的所有事实。

It＇s undoubtedly a highlight of the revised ＂State Compensation Law＂ that the rules on the burden of proof allocation between the claimant and the organ under compensatory obligations in state compensation cases have been made clear.In accordance with the modern theory,the provisions on the burden of proof distribution about general state compensation cases in the revised ＂State Compensation Law＂ is the same with those of tort cases.Meanwhile,the burden of proof of the organ under compensatory obligations has sometimes been weighted in he revised ＂State Compensation Law＂ in view of the difference of the ability to prove between the both parties involved.In addition,the scope of the burden of proof of the organs under compensatory obligations should be extended to all facts that the claimant can not prove because of the incomplete procedures or restricted personal freedom.