组织蛋白酶L在心血管病中的研究进展

Advances of Cathepsin L in Cardiovascular Diseases

组织蛋白酶L(Cathepsin L,CatL)属于木瓜蛋白酶,CatL由一个信号肽、一个前肽和一个酶的催化反应区组成。在一系列信号肽的作用下,CatL定位到高尔基体,并在此被高甘露糖碳水化合物转化化为CatL酶原,与两个6-磷酸甘露糖受体中的一个结合形成复合物,然后被转运至前溶酶体。此处的酸性环境可使酶和受体复合物分离,并促进酶的激活形成成熟的CatL,经过一系列反应形成小分子片段,才能完全活化,经过一系的反应后,被释放到胞质或组织间隙,可降解细胞成分或细胞间质基质成分,参与肿瘤的浸润与转移、关节炎、骨质疏松等慢性炎症性疾病的发生发展过程。近年来的研究发现,CatL在心血管疾病组织中有表达,提示组织蛋白酶L在心血管疾病中也起着非常重要的作用。

Cathepsin L（CatL） belonged to family of papains, it was composed of signal peptide, a former peptide and an enzyme catalysis area. Under the action of a series of signal peptide, CatL was oriented to the golgiosome apparatus, and CatL enzymes was formed in this high mannose carbohydrates glycosyl, and integrated by one of two phosphate mannose receptor to be the complex and then was transported to the former lysosome where the acidic environment can make the complex of enzymes and re- ceptors separate to be mature CarL,after a series of the small molecules formed,when it can be activate completely and released into the cytoplasm or the interstitial space, CatL can degrade cellular components of interstitial matrix components or involved in the development process of tumor invasion and metastasis, arthritis, osteoporosis, chronic inflammatory diseases. It had been found in recent studies that cathepsin L was expressed in the tissue of cardiovascular disease, which suggested that cathepsin L also played a very important role in cardiovascular disease.