政策创新的地理扩散——基于暂住证制度的地方实践分析

Geographical Proliferation of Policy Innovation:An Empirical Analysis of the Temporary Resident Certificate Policy

以暂住证制度为例,从时间和空间两个角度,对这一政策创新的地理扩散模式进行了分析。结果表明,尽管该政策的扩散受到了明显的垂直影响,在水平尺度上,表现出了明显的扩散效应,扩散曲线大致为S形;扩散早期,政策创新与经济社会发展条件关联度较高,随后政策扩散受到了显著的邻近区域影响,模仿学习占据主导,创新性表现不明显,政策的扩散甚至演变为公文的传播。准确找出地区面临的公共问题,以创新性的方式积极应对,全面贯彻实施政策创新,是经济社会迅速发展的背景之下地方政府的因应之道。

The temporary resident certificate policy is policy innovation in Shanghai, and let the Ministry of Public Security issued a series policies based on the temporary resident certificates system and introduced this policy to the whole China. This paper analyzes the temporary resident certificate policy to determine the proliferation mechanism of this policy innovation in terms of timing and space. The result shows that, though the geographical proliferation of this policy innovation is obviously affected by the vertical bureaucratic system, the policy innovation boast of a obvious horizontal proliferation with a S-shaped proliferation process in view of time, and in the early stage of proliferation, policy innovation closely connect to local social and economic conditions, then the policy innovation shows proximity effect and policy imitation become prevailing, at this stage the policy is simply copied by the other region without innovation and even the policy proliferation looks as a bureaucratic documents spreading. Policy innovation is up to the local government＇s precisely locating the local public concerns and their active problem-solving process, and this policy innovation process is in return the important source of local government＇s ruling legitimacy